Systems Design Engineer Career Training Guide

Question: Mechanical Engineer & Defense System Design - Secret Clearance Required? For all you mechanical engineers out there that may know - is security clearance from the DOD required in order to design defense systems and possibly weapon systems as well? Or, are you able to design these systems, manufacture, test them, and try to sell them to the DOD? An example company would be Milkor USA - they sold 9000 grenade launchers to the USMC, but do not appear to be contracted with the DOD.

Answer: Yes, a security clearance will almost certinly be required, depending on the exact nature of the systems you're working with. If you're designing truck tires, you're probably okay, but anything at a reasonable degree of complexity will be classified. You're not likely to be hired by a defense contractor in a technical capacity unless you are eligible to hold a security clearance.

Question: what would be the scope of fresher in Embedded system design engineer in india?

Answer: Embedded Systems is currently one of the hottest sectors of IT industry in India .very few product companies like ST Microelectronics and Cadence are using Embedded systems but as far as i know they either take MTechs or experienced ppl if u get an oppurtunity to work in embedded systems nothing like it and if you want to work on it just make sure your C++ concepts are rock solid

Question: what is that of satellites and radar systems design??? I heard about that electrical engineers designs radars and satellites systems.They use CAD or what to design this????

Answer: The previous answer is correct that it is a team effort of many engineering disciplines to successfully design a satellite system or radar. Formulating a design is rather separate from CAD. It involves concepts and ideas generated from experience and from a sound educational foundation in engineering topics. The CAD is used to fine tune the design, verify concepts and approaches, and provide an implementation of the design. In terms of engineering use of CAD, in my experience all of the electronics engineers make use of CAD in design of electronic circuits. I use CAD directly to help in the design of analog electronics as well as in the simulation of digital signal processing algorithms. CAD is also used to draw schematics and layout printed circuit boards (PCBs). I am not as involved in the use of CAD for layout of PCBs, although some engineers choose to stay involved in the use of this tool in order to retain full control of their design (a poor layout can ruin an otherwise good design). Mechanical engineers that I work with make use of SolidWorks, a 3D CAD tool. The CAD tools used for schematic capture are usually part of a suite and therefore have multiple uses. Not only is the same software program used to document the schematic (graphical interconnection of electrical components), but it is used to automatically generate bills of material (BOM), netlists (interconnectivity file used by PCB CAD tools), and to simulate the mixed analog and digital behaviour of the circuits being designed. These tools can also perform signal integrity checks, compile VHDL for FPGAs, and manage the files for a project. For digital signal processing, I use Matlab with Simulink. This is a math engine with a graphical interface (Simulink) that allows block diagrams to be drawn to simulate various math functions which can be connected together to form algorithms. The tool provides graphing capabilities so that the operation of the algorithm can be analyzed and examined. These are all real-life examples of engineering CAD - Computer Aided Design. The computer is a tool, the software packages are tools, much like calculators and pen and paper are tools. The engineer must know why things work and provide a structure compatible with theory and the requirements of each project in order to achieve a working design using these tools.

Question: i am a plumbing design engineer and i want to work in fire system design as well.? Can any one guide me how i should start my journy so that i may become able to design Fire sprinkler system , fire hose cabinet system and FM-200 system and etc

Answer: If you're already a Plumbing Designer, just read the Sprinkler Codes. The flow requirements are 'rock and a stick' simple, and the Code describes the rest.

Question: I am interviewing for a senior level electrical design engineer job. what questions will they most likely ask.? i went for a interview last year as a assistant systems engineer and did not get the position. they called me back for this new position but im not sure if I have the qualifications for this position either. I have been a electro mechanical designer and have not been in a lead positon at this level so I am really nervous about the interviw

Answer: Question 1: What are your qualifications for being a senior level electrical design engineer? Question 2: What are the duties of a senior level electrical design engineer? Question 3: What was your previous position, and why do want to leave? Question 4: Are you willing to take a lower salary? Question 5: What is your mother's maiden name? Question 6: Why should I hire you?

Question: What do you need to be a photovolatic design engineer? I want to move to the field of photovoltaic design in a few years after the economy gets better and I have some more experience as a regular electrical designer. Right now, I design and spec everything after the power company's transformers in commercial and residential buildings. As far as the job descriptions, all the ads I have seen are pretty vague. They want some solar experience, a BSEE or equivalent experience, a background in power/systems design, etc. The thing is that photovoltaic is so much of a niche industry that I never took any classes in school even mentioning it (even with 3-phase power, we only got a few weeks explaining it) and the information out there is scarce. I am thinking of NABCEP certification, but what else would be beneficial?

Answer: It looks to me like NABCEP is directed toward installer certification rather than design, but they would probably teach the NEC requirements and make you familiar with the specialized products available. You could study the photovoltaic product manufacturer's literature and contact some of them to see if they have information not on their web sites. Go to trade shows and energy fairs and talk to the vendors. Attend seminars put on by suppliers. Keep looking for trade magazine type web sites and subscribe to any related print trade magazines you can find. Eng-tips.com might help: http://www.eng-tips.com/threadminder.cfm?pid=731 http://www.eng-tips.com/threadminder.cfm?pid=626

Question: How do you get into Bomb Design? And other Weapon Systems? Like for the US Military Contractors. What kind of courses would you need to take? What kind of degree would that be? I am currently a Computer Science Major (will be going to Masters), so with today's weapons that's always a good thing to have. I am also thinking about a double major in Electrical Engineering. But other than that, what else would there be? I'm in the Army NG and I've always been fascinated with how bombs are made and weapon system designs.

Answer: You can call it a weapons system or a defensive system, whatever sounds better. You will need some kind of an engineering degree or a degree in Physics. Although people with a CS degree work as "engineers" such as a software engineer, CS is really not an engineering degree. EE would be a good idea since some of the topics overlap with CS. Mechanical or Aerospace Engineering would also be good. I suppose if you wanted to do something really nasty, you can study biological sciences or chemistry.

Question: What is Information Systems: Design and Development (B.S)? What you do in IS ? What are Jobs? Is it good idea to double major with Information Systems D&D and Electrical Engineering?

Answer: While typically someone in IS is more concerned with the design and creation of computer software applications, there is some overlap with EE - probably most in the area of hardwired (as opposed to code-based) circuits. Instead of using code to test conditions and determine actions, logic gates testing various inputs (which come from other circuits and probes) are used. The benefit to these sort of programmed circuits is speed - the test stimuli don't have to be interpreted and passed to a program but instead fed directly into the circuit. The disadvantage is a lack of flexibility, since the 'program' is hardwired.

Question: Is flood a result of having low profile Engineer who's liable for sewer system design to catch storm water? City engineers are liable to dispose storm water to prevent flood

Answer: In the USA it is a very common practice for flood prone areas to routinely clean out drainage canals prior to hurricane season or a major storm. Larger drainage canals can become blocked by stolen, stripped, or abandoned cars, appliances and other junk that severly restrict drain water flow. This is the most practical way to prepare for and reduce the impact of impending floods. Another practice is to release water levels in water retention ponds and canals, prior to a storm with heavy rainfall, to provide more capacity for the rainfall. In most of the USA new building codes require new construction in flood prone areas to be elevated above 100 year flood levels, this is often done by elevating homes on columns, piers or pilings, using the lower level as garage, porch or storage space .... this style of construction is similar in a way to traditional native Nipa houses in the Philippines, which have the floor a meter or so above ground level. The problem with storm drain systems is that they are of no use in locations near the ocean if there is a storm surge, because the sea level actually rises durring the storm, sometimes over 10 meters. It should be noted that a hundred years or so flood control was basically a system of drainage sewers and canals designed to shoot the water out to the ocean, this was found to bad for the evironment, especailly on sensitive wetland areas. The modern approach is to construct retention ponds that catch rainfall and allow it to seep back into the ground, more naturally replenishing ground water quantity and quality. You can see these rain water retention ponds even in highly urban areas, and part of the site design of all newer hi-rise builidings, residential developments and shopping malls, etc. {in the USA} The old system of drainage canals still remain, but are used mostly only for extreme storm related overflow, and have now become a habitat for fish and other wild life.

Question: What is the job title of an engineer who designs missiles? I want to be an aerospace engineer, designing missile defense systems for the Army of Air Force but I don't know what the job title is and I can't find information on what career path to take to get there (I'm only 15 and I want to plan my high school classes to do this job)

Answer: Electrical engineer.

Question: Can chemical engineers design and engineer videogame systems? like xbox,playstation, game cube, wii, etc

Answer: Chemical engineers are heavily involved in chip manufacturing - for computers, video games, and any other electronic systems. The process for chip manufacturing, called chemical vapor deposition, is a chemical engineering specialty. Usually the circuits and layout for the gaming system is done by electrical and computer engineers, while product designers work on the exterior and case. Skywave - I think she's referring to building the game hardware, not at programming the games, which is obviously in the software domain.

Question: Mechanical or Systems engineering for weapons development/design? I plan on going into weapons development/design. Should I go into mechanical or systems engineering? Why?

Answer: Mechanical. Mechanical engineering deals heavily with the design and manufacturing of anything and everything. I have a few friends who work for contracting companies which develop weapons for our government. They are paid very well. I asked my friend once what exactly systems engineering was and he looked at me and said "a joke." Go with Mechanical.

Question: How can I engineer, design (select) & install (set-up) the perfect car audio system? I would like to know how can I engineer, design (select) & install (set-up) the perfect car audio system? Like an easy calculation or formula or table (matrix) in order to determine the best (required) head unit, amplifier, speakers type & sub-woofer based on the car or van type. I looking for just a "Rule of thumb", a starting point, a reference point! Rule of thumb

Answer: you're looking for an easy formula for great sound in a given environment? the thing is that everyone has one but everyone's is different. they factor in music taste, frequency levels that are most satisfying and any other factor in the world. but the data isn't researched and written down on a piece of paper. It is collected by LISTENING with your ears! the data is collaborated in YOUR brain to determine what YOU find as the best sound. Your choices will be based on your experience, tastes and brand bias to what you have had experiences with. That is the best thing about car audio. there is no perfect formula. everything is completely custom in every way. as well as every speaker reproducing the music slightly differently, every car will alter the acoustic waves in it's own way. Meaning that even if there was a mathematically perfect audio setup for a car. it might sound like absolute shite when installed into yours. Anyways if there was a formula how boring would that be? everyone just following it. no diversity. just a million cloned systems because it sounds the best...i hope that formula is never invented.

Question: Is Systems Engineering a bit suss ? How valid are the trades ? As systems became more complex and more interrelated, a special discipline arose within the engineering community: the Systems Engineer. Systems Engineers do not design any one aspect of the system. Nor do they develop the software or mechanical drawings needed to implement the system. Instead, Systems Engineers concentrate on what the overall system does and what functionality each of the subsystems and components must perform. Systems Engineers also specify the interfaces between subsystems and between components. To compare various options, Systems Engineers perform a trade study. They analyze the requirements to determine the decision criteria. Since most trades involve multiple criteria, they also weight individual criterion against each other. They then compare each option against the criteria to determine the best option. (info from Jeffrey C) How valid are the trades ? To Naguru, Thanks

Answer: Two many cooks spoil the broth. A philosopher, who is learning philosophy basically should not want to simultaneous master engineering, business, medical, legal, etc. Because one cannot achieve success in all the fields, unless he has got some extraordinary divine powers. It may thus land him a position like jack of all arts and master of none. That is why in such confusions, we are back in square one.

Question: Where can I get a degree in Game Design or Programming? I want to start a career in the game world.? I'm moving to Florida in the next couple of months. What are some of the universities that offer a credible degree in game design. I'm going to finish my Systems Engineer degree in aobut 2 years and THEN I want to get my masters in something related to gaming. Anyone care to help?

Answer: You need a comp sci degree, and a specialty in gaming. Simply go to the game publishers, software companies you like, and look at their job postings, and what kind of degrees they are looking for. Most likely it will be comp sci.

Question: Mechanical Engineer & Weapon Design - Secret Clearance Required? For all you mechanical engineers out there that may know - is security clearance from the DOD required in order to design defense systems and/or military style weapons as well (specifically small arms)? Or, are you able to design these systems, manufacture, test them, and try to sell them to various branches of the service? An example company would be Milkor USA - they designed, built, marketed their product, then sold 9000 m32 grenade launchers to the USMC, but do not appear to be officially contracted with the DOD. I could be wrong though..

Answer: In order to sell anything to the DOD you need a CAGE code or a GSA contract number. These are both registrations that any business can apply for, however acceptance is not guaranteed. Security clearances are required for access to; or knowledge of anything the US Govt determines as secret or critical to national security/defense. Example...just knowing the operating frequency of an air force radio is considered secret and clearances are needed. So working for any serious defense contractor will require engineers to receive security clearances. Most things; however are open to any qualified bidder and are awarded to the "lowest cost, best delivery" bid. (most times...) Metal parts, hardware, wire, electronic components..etc. I don't know specifically about grenade launchers or other firearms, but I can assure you that the company you mentioned was "licensed" and complied with all DOD requirements for the contract and that they didn't design the M32 grenade launcher. Could a company start-up, design a "small arm", build it, test it and present it to a branch of the military without any clearances ? Sure...but they'd have a better chance selling ice to Eskimos. The military buys the weapons they pay to have developed, based on their future combat needs. Those programs are lengthy develop/test cycles and aren't to be taken lightly; only extremely well capitalized companies can afford to pay for the material and time needed to qualify for production. Companies like Lockheed and General Dynamics regularly receive large amounts of govt funding to develop a weapon specified by the branch of service who will purchase it. Why would they buy a weapon from a unqualified start up ?

Question: When the Muslim Engineer saved over 10,000 lives by his design of a new system? did they question him then? When the Muslim made something for the betterment of mankind in the infinite inventions and tools, did they question them then? When the Muslim was helping a person that was on the operating table and saved their life, did they question them then?

Answer: thanks for pointing out the very righteous ...contributions ....they licked the shoes pf tribes ..in afghanistan ..pakistan ...where were nato /usa army then ....they kept hiding in Europe...let these tribes faced ussr ...

Question: Why not remove CO2 with an efficient system rather than designing systems that don't do the job? It seems to be a fact of life that poor engineering will prevail because a lot of money is made by poor designing and products that wear out very fast. But, in the case of CO2 removal it seems to make sense to design a system that will work rather than a poorly engineered system that actually does nothing.

Answer: Sounds like you know what needs to be done. Design what you have in mind and get rich quick.

Question: need an ELECTRONICS engineer doing job in uae.? will u please tell me that which branch of electronics engineering has more jobs in uae. 1 instrumentation engineer 2 communication engineer 3 digital electronics engineer 4 electronics circuits design engineer 4 electronics sales engineer 5 security systems engineer 6 power electronics engineer

Answer: I wud say with strong conviction that it is instrumentation engineering.........it also includes instrumentation & control, Electronics and Instrumentation......... ..... reason being lot of process & petroleum engg industries in and around GCC..your paid wud be great ........after 2 yrs experience here........it wud be equivalent to MBA graduate pay Take automation subject as elective and do some courses in PLC, SCADA, DCS..............if u look at the syllabus of above branches .only instrumentation engineering has it u will get job so fast if ur a INstrumentation ENGG.................even EEE ( electrical & electronics engg) is gud next choice......... Search job sites like GULF NAUKRI , monster gulf and see the number of results turning up for instrumentation engg urself......... Best daily job classified is GULF NEWS newspaper............look at no of vacancies appearing everyday for instrumentation ENGG....( http://www.gnads4u.com/jobs ) u urself will substantiate........ all da best

Question: What kinds of engineering would I need to know to design vehicles like Tanks and weapon systems?

Answer: Mechanical engineering if you want to do the mechanical parts (engine, outer design...) Electrical if you want to make the computers. Computer if you want to do the software on those computers.

Question: Who designs commuter rail systems? And more!? Is there a sub category of engineers that designs subway systems, high speed rail, and maglev systems? Or is it a mechanical engineer? Do aerospace engineers design wind turbines? Lastly, do many engineers(areospace) start their own firms or do they just work for big companies like Boeing? It seems like most do work for these companies and most are disgruntled. True or B.S.? Is professional engineer different from a regular engineer? and how did you change your career path?

Answer: Railway systems would be a group effort with mechanical, civil and electrical to name a few. Aerospace engineers can design wind turbines, but typically aerospace try to stay in aerospace, better money. More PE (professional engineers) start their own company. The idea of staring your company is great, but tons of money and lots of headaches of its own. Also unless you have millions in the bank you can count starting your own aerospace company out. Too many laws and regulations that require lots of money. Most engineers work for all kinds of companies and while a lot are unhappy because their pay and recongition is lacking. A business major can exceed an engineer's salary quite quickly and that makes us unhappy. We create the products so the company can grow, but instead we are considered overhead and bad for the budget. Also companies are not at all loyal to their "brains". Layoffs always include engineers. Don't take me as negative any more, I changed my "career path" a couple of years ago and now I still do the same tasks just at double the rate.

Question: b.tech digital techniques for design and planning? The school of planning and architecture offers B.Tech(DTDP)Full Time Degree Program in digital techniques for design and planning.It is an Interdisciplinary course,which related to design,Planning,Information Technology,multimedia,Graphics and other allied areas. Design and planning are concerned with design and development of the space and form of built environment. A strong foundation of Interdisciplinary enabling skills related to space,design,construction,environment,and information technology are offered to the students. The curriculum is structured for 4years and is divided inti 8 semesters. The (1 to 7) semesters consists of full time study followed by practical training in professional offices and field visits. The 8th semester consists of a full project in areas like Planning,design and Information Technology,multimedia,Graphics areas. This degree gives the student a widen professional options. In terms of securing employment,both public and private sectors offer a range of jobs open for all engineering graduates. Graduates can work as technical engineers in the fields of * Planning sectors (urban and rural planning,GIS engineers) * Design industries (architecture,product design,graphic design,industrial design etc....) * Construction field (project and building managers) * Software industry (software development and maintenance) * Media (Print media,electronic media,and web designers) * Film industry (set designers,animations,and graphics) Student wishing to pursue further students are eligible to apply for master course in * Planning * Information technology * Environmental engineering * Geographical information systems engineering * remote Sensing * Nanotechnology * Urban Transpiration Engineering * Spatial information technology * Geo-informations and Surveying Technology Eligibility : intermediate/10+2 with mathematics,physics,chemistry. Selection procedure: The students have to qualify in EAMCET conducted by the Directorate of Technical Education at state level..... For more details : krishna@yahoo.com

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Question: I want to become an engineer, I just don't exactly know which type. Any ideas? I enjoy math ( mostly just algebra ) I want a future in designing and inventing. I thought of becoming a systems engineer, but after reading about it, I still don't exactly know what it is. I plan to take science next year ( I'm in high school Gr11) I just want to be prepared and ready to meet the requirements of my future career. Any advice on courses or types of engineering would be helpful. Also I'm a girl, are there a lot of women going into engineering?

Answer: I wouldn't let the fact that you're a girl deter you from entering any specific branch of engineering. Engineers don't make excuses, we find solutions. The sooner you implement that philosophy, the quicker you will earn respect. The more respect you earn, the less you’ll have to think about your gender, race, sexual orientation, or anything else that has absolutely no bearing on your ability to perform engineering duties. If you want to work in research and development, it should be on your academic scope to earn a master's degree. It's not imperative, but engineering is very competitive. If you’re thinking systems engineering, then give it a shot. If you don’t like it, you probably won’t be more than one or two courses off any other branch of engineering after the first year or so. I don’t know you personally and neither does anyone else replying to this, so that’s the extent of the advice you should accept on this message board. One last thing: Don’t let anybody tell you that one type of engineering is better than the other, or one is harder than the other. Every branch of engineering has its challenges. Every branch of engineering is extremely technical. Every branch of engineering involves taking the same math courses; they’re just applied to different problems. And, most importantly, every branch of engineering has plenty of room for innovative thinkers. Good luck and have fun!

Question: which one is better?interactive multimedia design or engineering technology in networking systems? i'm interested in these two programmes in a university : -bachelor of multimedia technology in interactive multimedia design -bachelor of engineering technology in networking systerms please help me making a choice...can anyone tell me about career in these fields?which one has a wider career opportunity?which one is suitable for women?

Answer: It depends on you. As a former physics major with a couple of decades in graphic design and journeyman-level prepress skills and software development credentials, I can probably explain the two options in a fairly informed fashion. Multimedia design is less 'scientific' and less rigourous than network engineering. Networking systems is a pretty hard science, with reasonably objective measures of success. Multimedia design is essentially a branch of graphic design, and as such the standards of success are more subjective because there is a strong esthetic component. Both fields are undeniably 'creative'. It's not self-evident how to design a robust digital network; nor is it evident how to create a compelling interactive presentation. Given those two choices, it's fairly obvious to me that you have a strong creative drive. By all means, indulge it! It's really satisfying to be able to say, "I made that," whether you are talking about a beautiful, effective piece of communications or.... um.... a beautiful, effective *means* of communications. Either field is perfectly suitable for women or men. You may wish to effectively do both. For example, effective communication and graphic design skills can serve you well in just about any job. If you are not in a particular hurry, you might take visual communications courses, work in that field for a while, and then upgrade your skills with technical studies. Good luck!

Question: Im finishing my masters in electrical engineering, but not interested in circuit design.? What other industries can I work in with a degree in electrical engineering? What are essential skills or software programs I should be familar with ? For example, I believe I'd like to get involved with solar PV installation projects, should I learn power systems design?

Answer: Go for power systems.

Question: Please help! Where can I find a digital engineer that is capable of helping me design a Video on demand system I am an entrepreneur, and I am trying to start my own VOD service for the general public. I have a basic understanding of how VOD systems work. I am looking for engineer/cofounder who can help me design a next generation VOD service. Where can I find one? Where should I look? Where do I go? This vision that I have is incredible and will make for a big opprotunity. I just need a devoted cofounder/engineer to help me. Any suggestions?

Answer: Comcast has had it for years. AppleTV is a new approach that works great. netflix just announced a unit. As someone else said, you need the bandwidth. Cable has it, and Comcast is covering that. A good internet connection has that, and apple and netflix (and others) are covering that. Satellite is being covered by others.

Question: What specialty in mechanical engineer will most companies look for? aerospace, automotive, mechatronics/robotics, energy systems/power, mechanical systems design, or thermal fluid systems?

Answer: They all look for competence in the basic engineering skills. That is what will carry any engineer until they learn what they really need to know to be a good engineer.

Question: what is the role of software engineering in system design?

Answer: provides you with a methodology. think along that line. your homework should be fine. ;)

Question: Design a project database system that would enable a software engineer to store, cross reference, trace?

Answer: In it's most basic form this is a database that has a table of all functions and globals, then a table that shows where each function (or glabal) is called or used from. Table FunctionsAndGlobals ID FunctionOrGlobalName Table Trace ID FunctionsOrGlobals_ID //This FunctionOrGlobal FunctionsOrGlobals_ID //Called from This Function(OrGlobal) Your SQL should be able to pick out functions that are never called, redundant functions. Should also pick out the functions called the most. Using timings you can see which functions are taking up the most time, potential bottlenecks.

Question: Can you pump water 2700 ft, Alt. 100 to two houses 2400 ft apart with solar pump & find an engineer to design? Where can you find someone who can design a remote water system that is well designed, economical where electricity is too expensive to use.

Answer: Economically? Hell No...Solar power is overated and your water pressure must be extremely high to overcome that height. Unless you want PV panels spreading across America However, its possible, with Geothermal energy.

Question: Are game systems like the PS3 designed by Computer Engineers or Electrical Engineers? I want to be involved in developing gaming systems after I graduate from college, so I'm wondering if I should major in Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering?

Answer: as others have said the development is done by computer and electronic engineers.

Question: Engineering company to design a rainwater harvesting system? I would like to know if there is an engineering firm (or similar), preferably in china or around that area, that can design a rainwater harvesting system? thanks

Answer: consult sit near banglore

Question: Why do believers in evolution ignore the obvious? Everything that reproduces is already a complete system with a full life cycle. Complete systems are designed, engineered, built to work with specificity and that comes from Intelligence. Nothing evolves into a complete reproducing system.

Answer: FFS, have you ever even opened a book dealing with the theory of evolution or are you just quoting random BS that you find on Christian websites? Perhaps you should spend more time in school and less time in church being brainwashed.

Question: Are there any websites that have any good microscopic pictures and details of insects, plants, or animals? I am an inventor trying to incorporate biomimetics into my inventions. Biomimetics is the application of methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. I want to get ideas from animals and plant life that is found in nature because, there is no better inventor to learn from like mother nature herself. I want to find websites that can provide me with pictures and information about living organisms that have unique abilities that may help me to come up with ideas to use these unique designs and replicate them in my inventions.

Answer: I've heard of biomimetics, but it is quite hard to recommend a particular site without knowing what you have in mind, or what type of inventions are you trying to develop. Many new materials and structures have been fabricated from observation and imitation of natural shapes and tissues. Here's a site with photographs from electron microscope observation. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/museum/profiles/hickman/hickmantechniques.html I think you should do a search for images obtained with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), because these show surfaces and external details. PS If you ever invent some type of gloves or shoes that allow climbing onto vertical surfaces, like a gecko's toes, I'm interested! http://www.tc.umn.edu/~gambl007/geckos/gekko_gecko_to.jpg

Question: hi Iam an electrical Engineer by graduation.I want to do energy engineering in my PG(M.E).is it Ok? Currently I am working as an electrical design engineer for chemical plants.if i do Energy engg, then i need to move from my current stream to energy sector.is this Ok or should i conventionally select Power systems engg.my interests are towards energy engg.I am experienced as design engineer for six years.will my experience will be valued, in the energy sector or i will be given opportunity only in entry level.help me out

Answer: Very interesting branch. It has a very rich potential. future also is promising as all the governments spend cores on power . good luck.

Question: What is the diff b/w system analysis and design(SAD) & software engineering ?

Answer: Systems analysis is the process of analysing a system to produce a report/specification. The report would then be the basis of any software design. So analysis is the first steps in software development. Actual software development comes next. Analysis doesn't always include actual writing of software. If software development is what you are interested in then analysis may not be for you.

Question: systems engineering vs electrical engineering? I have an opportunity to pursue a career in systems engineering or electrical engineering (particular PCB design and FPGA design) for a major DoD company. *Which option would allow for a greater chance of advancement? Advancement meaning: project/program management. *Also, which option is a more transportable skill set? (i.e. is a more appealing skill to commercial companies) Thanks,

Answer: I have noticed that singular discipline engineering is being replaced with Controls, Systems, Process and Manufacturing engineering. It sounds like you may already have your degree, it is important to have your P.E. to increase your marketability.

Question: An engineer in BAE Systems? Hi I would like to become an engineer working for BAE and design weapons; rifles etc. I don't know much about working in corporations; would I need a degree in a specific type of engineering? Would I get to choose what sort of thing I helped design (tank, rifle etc) or would I just have different things thrust upon me depending on what the MoD asked for? Anything anyone can tell me about what I need to do to get a career with BAE as an engineer and what it would be like would be great. Thanks

Answer: ROUTE 1. You approach BEA and see if they will take you on as a trainee. Depending on what they judge as your abilities, they may sponsor you to do a a tecnical/engineering course. ROUTE 2. Study any engineering or science subject that YOU are KEEN on and then apply for a job with them. Regarding your other questions, if you are employed you will probably be working on a part of the detail of part of a system - not the overall project design. Designing systems is a multidiscipline task involving physicists, mathematicians, mechanical, chemical, electrical, electronic, computer, software, engineers, metallurgists, aeronautical engineers, production engineers etc etc. etc. Modern weapons systems are at the frontier of scientific and technological knowledge.

Question: What does an electrical engineer do? Here are some things I am interested in, are these what electrical engineers create or make? 1. computer graphics cards 2 .cellphone motherboards 3. gps systems 4. design parts in laptops 5. make computer screens? thanks

Answer: Yes

Question: Got an offer of basic 5000 AED in abu dhabi. Please advice whether i can accept the offer or not.? I have done Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering and working in control systems with 5 years of experience. Now i have got an offer in Abu dhabi for the position of "System Design Engineer"in OIL ang Gas division. Below are the details of the offer. Basic - 5000 AED Food Allowance - AED 35/- per day or provided free Conveyance - AED 25/- per day Accomodation allowance - AED 3750/- per month or bachelor acomadation free Am planning to move to abu dhabi with my wife. so based on the above offer please let me know the below details. 1) How much does a 1 BK or studio apartment cost or shared? which one is the best? 2) If studio apartment means do we have a separate kitchen and bathroom? 3)How much savings can be made ? 4)how much phone bill do we get on an average for calls made to india? Also how much does it cost per month for the internet? 5) If studio means will it be furnished like refrigirator and all utensils will be present or need to buy? 6)how much does it cost for food. We eat both veg and non veg..... I would be really thankful if you could answer the above queries.... Quick reply is highly aprreciated.. Thank you :)

Answer: Beside that this an awful low offer for an engineer, the financial requirements to sponsor a wife are as follows: AED 8K with provided accommodation or AED 10 without. Your employer would provide bachelor accommodation and therefore I doubt that you even would get the needed NoC to sponsor a wife. Anyway, AED 5K are not enough for 2 persons (that why the requirement got increased). Please use the link giving below to find out what you are "worth". http://www.interec.net/salary/servlet/SkyServlet?country=UAE&specialization=Petroleum&horizontal-axis=Experience&vertical-axis=Base+Salary&handler=SalSurvey&submit=Submit

Question: hello How can I built a local social network web page with chat, profiles and system for matching people? hello How can I built a local social network web page with chat, profiles and system for matching people. such a design costs me half million colombian pesos according to my systems Engineer , it`s too much money, so, How can i built that web page on my own, or how can get support for running that business, where can I even get a money lending for that kind of enterprise in internet.

Answer: Rather than building a website from scratch (which is costly and time-consuming) I would recommend you to go for a turn-key software solution. Advantages are obvious - you will get an up and running site with no efforts from your part. Take a look at http://www.SkaDate.com - for quite an affordable price you will get an amazing range of templates and features (including chat, Instant Messenger, albums, groups, photo and video sharing, events system, matchmaking system, flexible profile fields and membership types, blogs, forum and lots more). Plus, you will have free access to the customer support forum and all future version updates and upgrades. Good luck in your search!

Question: Why do so few of the experts at "physics911" have advanced degrees in engineering or physics? Members (last updated 2007-04-24) Michael M. Andregg St. Paul, MN, USA PhD U California Davis Intelligence Affairs Robert Ballan Norwood, NY, USA MSc & JD: Clarkson College Chemistry & Law Kevin Barrett Lone Rock WI, USA PhD U of Wisconsin Islamic Studies William A. Christison Santa Fe, NM, USA BA, Princeton University Central Intelligence Agency (ret.) Walter Davis Kent, OH, USA PhD: U of Connecticut Kinesiology A. K. Dewdney London, Canada PhD: U of Waterloo Mathematics Derrick Grimmer Ames, IA, USA PhD: Washington University Physics Joel Harel Laguna Hills, CA, USA HBS U. of Edinburgh. Aeronautical Engineer and Qualified Pilot David Heller Berkeley, CA, USA BS: Physics Bard College MA: S. F. Inst. Archit Architect and Builder Annie Higgins Gainesville, FL, USA PhD University of Chicago Arabic Language & Literature Timothy P. Howell Upsala, Sweden PhD: U. of Edinburgh Computer Science Steven E. Jones Provo, Utah, USA PhD: Vanderbilt University Physicist, Brigham Young U. Peter J. Kirsch Western Cape, South Africa MD: University of Witwatersrand Forensic Pathology Karen Kwiatkowski Mt. Jackson, VA, USA PhD Catholic University Lieut. Col. USAF (ret.) Jerry Longspaugh Fort Worth, TX, USA MSc: Brooklyn Polytechnic Aerospace Engineer Brad Mayeaux Kenner, LA, USA Electr. &Tech. Inst. of New Orleans Cellphone Engineer George F. Nelson Huntsville, AL, USA FAA A&P Licence US Airforce Colonel (ret.) Ralph W. Omholt Kirkland, WA, USA AAPP University of Alaska Professional Airline Pilot Kevin Ryan Bloomington, IN, USA BSc Indiana University Chemistry ASQ Certified Quality Engineer David Shayler Eastbourne, Great Britain Hon MA Lit. & Linguistics MI5 (former) Helen Stace Perth, Australia PhD: U of Sydney Biology Don Trent (Four Arrows) Jacobs Sequim, WA, USA Ed. D. Boise State University Professor, Fielding Graduate U Bernard Windham Tallahassee, FL, USA MS Florida State MS Louisiana State Statistician Russ Wittenberg Carefree, AZ, USA BBA U. of Miami FL US Airforce Capt. (ret) Captain for PAA & UAL Associate Members Karin Brothers Toronto, Canada MS Georgia State Instructional Design Systems Engineer John DiNardo Towaco, NJ, USA BA: Kean University Science Education Donald Eckhoff Morgan Hill CA, USA Drexel Institute of Technology Engineer & manufacturer Kenyon Gibson London, England USC @ Santa Barbara US Naval Intelligence Jesse Hemingway Al Cahon, CA, USA BBA National University (frmr.) USN Operations Specialist Phil Jayhan Chicago, IL, USA Barrington High Technician and Webmaster Frank Levi Dromara, N. Ireland BSc (Hons) Queens University of Belfast IT Manager Don Paul San Francisco, CA, USA Stegner Fellow: Stanford University Author/Activist Martha Rush Auburn Hills, MI, USA Oxford High School Certified Respiratory Therapist & Private Pilot Sofia Shafquat San Diego, CA, USA BA Brown University Producer and Writer Jonah Winters Vancouver, BC, Canada MA: U of Toronto, Islamic Studies Web Designer Guitar Man & Secure... I'm sorry, based on your reaction I must have touched a nerve.

Answer: Because you do not even need a science degree to perform some of the tasks involved in studying the "physics of 911." You need web designers and account and other miscellaneous staff. You need non-PhD's to handle the computing and development the equipment/techniques for data acquisition. Also, a degree is just a piece of paper. It does not limit you to a particular field. Someone who studies biology can turn and study Physics.

Question: Where can i find storm event data for drainage design? I am civil engineering student and want to design a darinage system for my driveway (which is on a steep gradient), i want to design it for a 1 in five year event but can not find data to do this, does anyone know a source for such information?

Answer: If you are in the united kingdom The meteorological offices website should hold the information you require, it is a very vast site with lots of data and if you are not sure email someone and they should direct you to it, you should not have to subscribe for this kind of information as i have seen it there somewhere, i suppose the U.S.A and america have a similar site. Dubist

Question: Systems engineering vs Regular engineering? I am a first year engineering student trying to pick a major, my school offers degrees in petroleum,industrial,environmental, electronics, and software systems engineering. Ive researched the "systems approach" to engineering and know that it focuses more on big picture design problems. What I don't know is what difference this makes in actual industry, how are systems engineers employed vs normal engineers. I am interested in either electronics of software so examples of those would be great. Any insights?

Answer: A systems engineer is a "general" engineer. They must be conversant in many areas of engineering (just how many and which kinds depends of what field you are in). If you are not a systems engineer, then most likely you are a design engineer. Design engineers usually focus on their area of expertise. There may be some overlap, such as a hardware engineer in electronics having some knowledge of software design, but generally you focus on your area and someone else focuses on their area. The systems engineer brings all the different areas together to make sure everything works when all the pieces are put together. I have worked both sides of the fence. As a design engineer (EE) I have designed circuits used in aircraft electronics. As a systems engineer, I have taken designs and developed test plans and certification plans to verify that a given design does its job in the real world. From my standpoint, design engineering is more fun, it is why I became an engineer. Systems engineering has a lot more "paper work" that isn't what I imagined when I was learning to become an engineer. However, systems engineers are generally paid better since they must command a greater degree of engineering expertise over a wide area. If you go into systems, you are well served to study a wide range of subjects. This will help you in the job market later. A systems engineer that only knows electronics won't be as desireable as one who knows software, electronics, mechanics, etc...

Question: Is catia helpful to Electrical design engineers? Is catia helpful to Electrical design engineers for the following fields? Electrical 3D Design Electrical Cable way Routing Electrical Connectivity Diagrams Electrical Harness Flattening Electrical Harness Installation Electrical Library Electrical System Functional Definition Electrical Wire Routing Automotive Electrical design Engineer HCV electrical design Mining truck electrical design .....

Answer: "Catia" is normally used by tool designers.

Question: As an aeronautical engineer, what are the chances Im going to actually design aircraft? Currently, Im going into my junior year majoring in aerospace engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. As of recently, Ive been very concerned about the possibility that I might not be able to get a job designing aircraft when I graduate. I know my engineering degree qualifies me to do other jobs just as well, but I know that I will only be happy working in aero industry working on aircraft. For example, a coworker at my internship told me recently that he majored in aerospace engineering in college, but now hes designing and working with fuel valves and control systems. I'm worried that unless my grades and prospects are good enough when I graduate, that I might be stuck having to take a job that doesn't have much to do with the actual aspect of aircraft design or flight. Should I be this worried? Well Im definitely going to get a graduate degree, most likely Aerospace Masters. Theres the possibility Ill get an MBA if I feel like Im not going to end up working with aircraft just so I can climb up the ranks of the company faster.

Answer: You'll want to add to that Aero Engineering degree to something else within a related field. Then you'll want to get into research and development. For instance, AE and Atmospherics, or AE and Energy Systems, or AE and Life Sciences. Otherwise, you'll just end up disigning the new flush handles on the next gen airbus.

Question: Mechanical Engineering...... System Modeling analysis and design question? what is the formula for hardware gain? (in terms of systems and controls) Is it good to have a high gain or a low gain for a system? Please post a reference, I need a detail description for hardware gain?

Answer: I have worked a little with controls on a processing facility, and as for controls from the DCS gain is how fast a control valve will react when flow, temperature or pressure deviates from its set point by a predetermined amount. High gain is used in a system which can deviate quite a bit from set point and needs to be corrected quickly. However the problem with high gain is that controls can sometimes over shoot in both directions and you will totally loose control. Typically low gain is used at the place I had worked at (one or less than one) so that the controls would not overshoot continuously.

Question: ECE student - VLSI or embedded system? im doing my 3rd year ECE.. I want to do a course in embedded system or VLSI so that i can get good job opportunity... WHich field has more demand for engineers? which field will pay me good? there r so many courses in embedded system Post Graduate Diploma in Embedded System Design Embedded System Design Engineer RTOS Microcontroller Design Engineer which course among dis has good job opportunity?? and pls tel me something abt VLSI course.. where can i learn these ourses in chennai. (im residing in anna nagar) is it necessary to complete my degree to pursue dis course? or can i study this in my 3rd year?

Answer: how to make a chip ---- VLSI. how to use a chip ---- embedded systems. In India VLSI companies are very less and they too work mainly in simulation software's .but embedded has lots of companies in India and getting a job is easy.both the fields are best in its own... Now the choice is yours , please go with your interest . do the courses from authorized colleges and make use of google searches . I WISH YOU ALL SUCCESS .