Refinery Process Engineer Career Training Guide

Question: Question about Chemical Engineering? Right now I am a sophomore in college studying to be a Chemical engineer, but now I am a little worried as to if this is the right field for me. I have a few questions that I need answered so here they go...... #1 I am in Calculus 2 and am dealing with some VERY nasty integrals, the likes of which you have probably never seen. My teacher's philosophy is if you can do the REALLY hard problems then you can do/understand the lesser ones. Kinda like expecting a newborn to run a marathon in order to understand the basics of how to walk. So my question is what math do you use/daily apply in your job? I can learn to do the integrals but it is NOT at all enjoyable, and they are not something that I would want to do for the rest of my life. #2 I did not enjoy Chem. 1 & 2, the classes were large and I learned nothing, but I loved the labs. If I applied the concepts from class into the labs then I would remember it (i'm a "hands on" type of learner). Now i'm in Organic chem. and love it, two labs a week and I remember everything. So my other question is what chemistry do you use/apply daily in you jobs? #3 What would you recommend, out all the things that I have studied and am going to study, if I don't remember anything else I should at least know? I am hoping to get a job at a local refinery as a process engineer once I am done, so if you have anything else to add please enlighten me. Thanks in advance.

Answer: Don't worry about calculus and advanced math problems as you won't be using that on a daily basis as an Engineer. The only exception is a few people working in research who need to prove a theory or develop a new one. Most Engineers use applied math formulas developed for us and that is what is fun about being an Engineer. The more advanced courses should be smaller in size. If you like organic chem, then consider taking a higher level course if one is available for you. Also consider getting a graduate degree especially if hiring is down when you graduate. Besides refiners, the oil & gas industry uses ChE's for lots of different types of jobs. I'm a Petroleum Engineer working on the drilling and production side of the business and we have several ChE's on our team looking at both organic and inorganic chemistry of all the different types of fluids which we use, the hydrocarbons we produce, and the interactions between all of these.

Question: help! Is this possible? hi i want to be a doctor major in a science right now i work in an office at a refinery is it possible to major in a science while also studying in process engineering is it consider a major or can i major in say chemistry while also learning process engineering? please help..

Answer: Yes. You can have a double major. All you need do is cover all the class/credit requirements for each major.

Question: Things that the "WESTERN WORLD" OWES to MUSLIMS? You owe the DISTILLATION, Water purification & FILTERATION PROCESSes to MUSLIM CHEMISTS (Gerber). You owe ALKALI (an ARABIC WORD) which was ISOLATED by a MUSLIM CHEMIST (GERBER). You owe ETHANOL (Arab chemists) to Muslims. You owe bridge dams (FIRST BUILT IN iran) TO islamic inventors. You owe CENTRAL HEATING to MUSLIMS (Muslim engineers in SYRIA) You owe FULLING MILLS (active throughout the Islamic world in the 10th century) to MUSLIMS You owe PAPER MILLS, STAMP MILLS, SUGAR REFINERIES, WINDMILLS, SOAP (produced by MUSLIM CHEMISTS), TOOTH PASTE (made by 9th centry PERSIAN Ziryab). PERFUME INDUSTRY (Established by JABIR or GERBER in IRAQ 722), you owe DEODERANTS to us (9th century ZIRYAB invented it in Al-Andalus) You owe CRANKS to MUSLIMS (Banu MUSA, 9th entury) you owe ELECTRICITY ITSELF TO MUSLIMS! (BAGHDAD BATTERY). You owe ALCOHOL (A arabic word) and ANTISEPTIC to MUSLIMS! (10th centry MUSLIM PHYSICIANS)......you owe CANCER THERAPY to Muslims! (Ibn Al Baitar identified ANTI CANCER properties in compound drugs to treat cancer). You owe CHEMO THERAPY to Muslims! (Muhbammad ibn Zakariya RAZI) who introduced using VITRIOL, COPPER, MERCURIC and ARSENIC SALTS for MEDICINAL USE. You owe "COLLEGE" to us! MADRASAHS were ISLAMIC COLLEGES of LAW and RELIGION......before MADRASAHS you had NO COLLEGES IN THE PLANET! You owe JURY and JURY TRIALS to us! Which developed in the 8th and 11th century. You owe LIBRARIES TO MUSLIMS! the HISTORY of the LIBRARY goes to the ISLAMIC WORLD. You owe "APOTHACARIES and PHARMACIES to MUSLIMS. Founded in BAGHDAD, 754. DOCTORATE DEGREE: the "WEST" owes enough to Islam but did you know that the "DOCTORATE DEGREE" originates from the Muslim world in the 9th century? The origin of the doctorate dates back to the ijazat attadris wa 'l-ifta' Arabic: إجازة التّدريس والإ�تاء ("license to teach and issue legal opinions") in the medieval madrasahs which taught Islamic law. It was equivalent to the Doctor of Laws qualification and was developed during the 9th century after the formation of the Madh'hab legal schools. To obtain a doctorate, a student "had to study in a guild school of law, usually four years for the basic undergraduate course" and at least ten years for a post-graduate course. The "doctorate was obtained after an oral examination to determine the originality of the candidate's theses," and to test the student's "ability to defend them against all objections, in disputations set up for the purpose" which were scholarly exercises practiced throughout the student's "career as a graduate student of law." After students completed their post-graduate education, they were awarded doctorates giving them the status of faqih (meaning "master of law"), mufti (meaning "professor of legal opinions") and mudarris (meaning "teacher"), which were later translated into Latin as magister, professor and doctor respectively Makdisi, George (April-June 1989), "Scholasticism and Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West", Journal of the American Oriental Society 109 (2): 175-182 The WEST owes a LOT to Islam. I havent even scratched the SURFACE yet. You owe PARASITOLOGY to Muslims (Ibn Zuhr) you owe EPILEPSY and Seucure medicene to Muslims (Abulcasis) You owe ERECTICLE DYSFUNCTION DRUGS to Muslims! (9th-16th century Islamic physicans - Al-Raz, TAHBIT BIN QURRA, IBN AL-Jazzar, AVICENNA, Avorres, IBN AL BAITAR, and IBN AL NAFIS) You owe SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS like the BONE SAW to Muslims (Abulcasis) you owe ADHESIVE BANDAGES to Muslims! (Abulcasis) you owe FETUS EXTRACTIOSN to Muslims! (Abulcasis) you owe COTTON DRESSINGS and BANDAGES to Muslims! (Abulcasis!) You owe PARACHUTES TO MUSLIMS! (Abbas Ibn Firnas) you owe so many more things that I cant even LIST THEM ALL my hands are getting tired!!! How DARE the KUFFAR say that MUSLIMS never contributed anything to SOCIETY? Are you out of your mind? We VIRTUALLY INVENTED SOCIETY, CIVIL society! Muslim astronomers and engineers constructed a variety of highly accurate astronomical clocks for use in their observatories. [10] Timekeeping astrolabe: In the 10th century, al-Sufi described over 1,000 different uses of an astrolabe, including timekeeping, particularly for the times of Salah prayers and Ramadan.[191] Geared mechanical lunisolar calendar computer: See Analog computers above. Geared mechanical astrolabe: Featured a calendar computer and gear-wheels, and was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan in 1235.[200] Monumental water-powered astronomical clocks: Al-Jazari invented monumental water powered astronomical clocks which displayed moving models of the sun, moon, and stars. His largest astronomical clock displayed the zodiac and the solar and lunar orbits. Another innovative feature of the clock was a pointer which travelled across the top of a gateway and caused automatic doors to open every hour.[79] Programmable castle clock Dials Universal sundial: A universal sundial for all latitudes, used for timekeeping and for the determination of the times of Salah, was produced in 9th-century Baghdad.[233] Navicula de Venetiis: A universal horary dial used for accurate timekeeping by the sun and stars, and could be observed from any latitude, invented in 9th century Baghdad.[234] This was later considered the most sophisticated timekeeping instrument of the Renaissance.[175] Polar-axis sundial: The ancient sundials were nodus-based with straight hour-lines, they indicated unequal hours—also called temporary hours—that varied with the seasons, since every day was divided into twelve equal segments; thus, hours were shorter in winter and longer in summer. The idea of using hours of equal time length throughout the year was the innovation of Ibn al-Shatir in 1371, based on earlier developments in trigonometry by Muhammad ibn J�bir al-Harr�nī al-Batt�nī (Albategni). Ibn al-Shatir was aware Alidade: Invented in the Islamic world. The term "alidade" is itself derived from Arabic word al-idhâdah "ruler". Astrolabic clock: Ibn al-Shatir in the early 14th century.[226] Astrometric devices: Produced in Islamic Spain around 1015. Astronomical compass: The first astronomical uses of the magnetic compass is found in a treatise on astronomical instruments written by the Yemeni sultan al-Ashraf in 1282. This was the first reference to the compass in astronomical literature.[227] Compendium instrument: A multi-purpose astronomical instrument, first constructed by the Muslim astronomer Ibn al-Shatir in the 13th century. His compendium featured an alidade and polar sundial among other things. Al-Wafa'i developed another compendium in the 15th century which he called the "equatorial circle", which also featured a horizontal sundial. These compendia later became popular in Renaissance Europe.[228] Shadow square: An instrument used to determine the linear height of an object, Equatorium: Invented by Abū Ish�q Ibr�hīm al-Zarq�lī (Arzachel) in Islamic Spain circa 1015,[18] it was a mechanical analog computer device for finding the longitudes and positions of the moon, sun, and planet]s, without calculation using a geometrical model to represent the celestial body's mean and anomalistic position. Saphaea: The first universal latitude-independent astrolabe, invented by Abū Ish�q Ibr�hīm al-Zarq�lī (Arzachel) in 11th century Islamic Spain. Unlike its predecessors, it did not depend on the latitude of the observer, and could be used anywhere on the Earth.[192] Zuraqi: A heliocentric astrolabe where the Earth is in motion rather than the sky, by al-Sijzi in the 11th century.[193] Fixed-wired knowledge processing machine: Abū Rayh�n al-Bīrūnī's hodometer[194] was an early example of a fixed-wired knowledge processing machine in the early 11th century.[195] Mechanical lunisolar calendar computer: Featured a gear train and gear-wheels, and was invented by Abū Ray Yes CHRISTIANS did invent things: Gay rights. Democracy. Legalizing abortion. Everything God is against : ] Alembic, still, and retort: Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) invented the alembic in the 8th century. This was the first still[3] with a retort,[205] and the first distillation device to fully purify chemical substances. Conical measure: Abū Rayh�n al-Bīrūnī in the 11th century.[206][207] Hydrostatic balance and steelyard: Al-Khazini in 1121.[208] Laboratory flask and pycnometer: Abū Rayh�n al-Bīrūnī.[208] Refrigerated coil and refrigerated tubing: In the 11th century, Avicenna invented the refrigerated coil, which condenses aromatic vapours.[209][210] This was a breakthrough in distillation technology and he made use of it in his steam distillation process, which requires refrigerated tubing, to produce essential oils.[12] Thermometer and air thermometer: Abū Alī ibn Sīn� (Avicenna) in the 11th century.[211] Tools for drug preparation: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya R�zi (Rhazes) the KUFFAR love to ignore it. the TRUTH is like GARLIC to a VAMPIRE to the KUFFAR haaaaaahahahahaha. ALLAH HU AKBAR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! jamesdn you owe the U.S. government & the EXPLOSIVES they used for that controlled demolition : ] Not Muslims. Lilith <<< is that the best you got? LOL oh yeah Jamesdn..building 7 still needs a plane. lmao 6. Why do Muslims move to America and the west if they're so great and their societies are so great and blessed? (Asked by LILLITH) Why do Christians go to places like DUBAI/SAUDI ARABIA/QATAR if THEY are so BLESSED? Thank you for your irrelevent input in the discussion : ] "5. What have Muslims done that benifited the world in the past 1,000 years?" -sighs-...can you read? or does the truth hurt too much for you to read? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_inv… The sources are all legitimite ^ a b c d S. Hadzovic (1997). "Pharmacy and the great contribution of Arab-Islamic science to its development", Med Arh. 51 (1-2), p. 47-50. ^ a b Will Durant (1980). The Age of Faith (The Story of Civilization, Volume 4), p. 162-186. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0671012002. ^ Robert Briffault (1938). The Making of Humanity, p. 195. ^ Diane Boulanger (2002), "The Islamic Contribution to Science, Mathematics and Technology: Towards Motivating the Muslim Child", OISE Papers in STSE Education, Vol. 3. ^ a b c d Georges C. Anawati, "Arabic alchemy", p. 868, in (Rashed & Morelon 1996, pp. 853-902) ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Hassan, Ahmad Y. "Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part III: Technology Transfer in the Chemical Industries". History of Science and Technology in Islam. Retrieved on 2008-03-29. ^ a b c d Derewenda, Zygmunt S. (2007), "On wine, chirality and crystallography", Acta Crystallog The KUFFAR are getting maaaaaaaad! lmao let them cry about it. thats all they CAN DO. TRUTH HURTS and they know it! ALLAH HU AKBAR! You KUFFARS will be LOSERS...both in THIS LIFE and the HEREAFTER : ] Make your little remarks and "jokes" but the fact remains - you owe your life to ALLAH, and you owe virtually everything invented to Muslims (through the power of ALLAH). ALLAH HU AKBAR!!! ALLAH HU AKBAR!!! ALLAH HU AKBAR!!! The KUFFAR are getting maaaaaaaad! lmao let them cry about it. thats all they CAN DO. TRUTH HURTS and they know it! ALLAH HU AKBAR! You KUFFARS will be LOSERS...both in THIS LIFE and the HEREAFTER : ] Make your little remarks and "jokes" but the fact remains - you owe your life to ALLAH, and you owe virtually everything invented to Muslims (through the power of ALLAH). ALLAH HU AKBAR!!! ALLAH HU AKBAR!!! ALLAH HU AKBAR!!!

Answer: Jazakhallah for sharing brother, everything that was created in modern times 1700-2000's was all based on Muslim science in the middle ages. The western world is actually in debt to muslims. The Kuffar do love to ignore it. ALLAH HU AKBAR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question: How does construction/field engineering fair for a chemical engineer in the long run? I am a chemical engineer but working in the construction industry my present work involves planning and scheduling and some costing (along the lines of project managment) I might later get involved in field engineering and seeing things are built to contruction standards and specs. I work in the oil/gas environment. I am wondering a chemical engineering background do I have much scope to grow in this field and have job security (I do realise a const boom around the world but Im thinking from the long term prespective of 40-50 years till my retirement). Also is there a good possiblity of hitting higher level management in the oil refinery with this background. OR is it better to take the route of process engineering which tends to be design based. I am looking for some good advice and opinions from practicing engineering the above field or background. Thanks

Answer: I learned as much real engineering working as a construction engineer as I did in college. I saw all of the components that go into a oil/gas facility and how they work. I saw what was done well and what was screwed up. It was a great foundation for my career including a much better understanding of process design and how things don't always turn out the way the designer thinks. There are also a lot of things that happen in the real world that never make it back to the ivory tower. I went on to operations assignments, design work, then project work and more other jobs than you care to hear about. Some of my colleagues followed the same path ended up in upper management. I chose to stay on the technical end and have had a great time and made a ton of money in the process.

Question: Looking to work as PIPING ENGINEER for Saudi ARAMCO? What is the best way to investigate opportunities with Saudi ARAMCO as a seasoned Piping Engineer? I have many skills and abilities from over 18 years of experience working for refineries and industrial processing plants. I have never worked for Aramco but I understand that someone with my skills can earn a substantial income. I am looking to get the most benefit for my services while still engaging in challenging professional work. I have done the obvious, looked at Aramco's website and there are many positions availalble. I am looking to get the inside "scoop" on what would be the best job for me. I would greatly appreciate any insight or direction on how to approach this working arrangement. I would also be indebted to anyone that can help me avoid common pitfalls when making this kind of an overseas transition. Thank you.

Answer: Saudi ARAMCO has a jobs Web site that may have what you're looking for. You said that you looked at it but there might be more than one jobs-related site. Check this one out at the first link below. The second link is for Americans who now work for Aramco. You can probably get a lot more information about what life is like there and chat with some Aramco employees. That will probably give you the best answers.

Question: Arranged Employment in Canada ? I am a Chemical Engineer having experience in Plant Operations, Process Engineering and Commissioning in Oil & Gas / Refineries / Petrochemicals. What is the best way to get a Canadian Visa & Arranged Employment ? I have completed IELTS with an average band score of 6.5

Answer: If you want to move to Canada, here is a link to the Canadian government web site with the information. http://www.goingtocanada.gc.ca/CIC/display-afficher.do?id=0000000000102&lang=eng You can take this test to see if you might qualify http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/immigrate/skilled/assess/index.asp One of the most popular ways of entering Canada is as a skilled worker. Follow this link to see if you are eligible http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/immigrate/skilled/tool/index.asp However, Canadian employers will often not hire a person without Canadian employment experience, which you cannot get until someone offers you a job. The problem is that so many previous immigrants from countries other than the US, the UK, Australia, New Zealand or north western Europe have had false credentials that Canadian employers are wary of hiring people from other places than I listed. The process of moving to Canada can take up to three years and can cost $10,000 in government fees. Permanent residency in Canada is not free. Also note that you do not need to know any French to immigrate to Canada unless you plan to live in the province of Quebec.

Question: Do engineers live comfortable? I want to be a Chemical (Process) or Electrical Engineer. I live in Cancer Alley. For those who do not know it is a strip along the Mississippi River covered with Refineries and that is where I plan to work. I had read that Engineers do not get paid enough to live comfortably. Is that true? I don't want to be rich, but I want to be comfortable and able to solely provide for a family. I also want to add that I to earn a comfortable salary, would I have to work so many hours that I have no time for my family. I am surrounded by fortune 500 companies.

Answer: Engineering pays well in some ways, poorly in others - it depends upon how you look at it, but I can say that in 25 years working as an engineer I have never been out of work, and always earnt well above national average. However, when you look at some other industries, it is possible to earn more with the same/less training. Construction for example pays in general more for a given level of qualification/experience, but the work can be hard physically, be in bad conditions (cold/hot/dusty etc) and it often means that people are unable to continue this career beyond a certain age. I think the biggest problem with engineering is that engineers (particularly hands on type engineers) often work alongside more office based trades. This can mean you are looked down on to an extent, and your salary can reflect this in relation to theirs. This can be overcome in time, but it is important to keep being professional in your work and rise above the general level.

Question: Why did GRANPA KOCH SELL OIL TO THE NAZI's? Erich Koch Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished entirely from East Prussia, a feat that gained admiration throughout the Reich. On September 1, Koch became Reichskommissar of Reichskommissariat Ukraine with control of the Gestapo and the police. His domain was extended from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea; he captured ethnic German, Polish, Belarus and Ukrainian's declaring that "Ukraine children need no schools. What they'll have to learn will be taught them by their German masters" and "If I meet a Ukrainian worthy of being seated at my table, I must have him shot... Koch worked together with the General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment, providing the Reich with forced labor. Due to his brutal actions, Nazi rule in Ukraine was disturbed by a growing number. before once more getting away himself",by escaping through this Baltic Sea port on April 23, 1945, on the icebreaker Ostpreußen. He faced charges of war crimes for the extermination of 400,000 Poles, but was never indicted for his crimes in Ukraine. he was sentenced to death on March 9, 1959 by the district court in Warsaw for having planned, prepared and organised the mass murder of civilians. Russians thought he possessed information about art looted by the Nazis during the war. Brother of Erich Koch, Karl Otto Koch (August 2, 1897 – April 5, 1945), a Standartenführer (Colonel) in the German Schutzstaffel (SS), was the first commandant of the Nazi concentration camps at Buchenwald. on August 1, 1937, he was given command of the new concentration camp at Buchenwald. investigation his improper conduct at Buchenwald, included corruption, fraud, embezzlement, drunkenness, sexual offences and a murder. Koch's orders to kill prisoners at the camp were revealed, as well as embezzlement of property stolen from prisoners Ilse Koch Koch married Ilse Köhler with whom he had a son and two daughters. Köhler later became known as "The Bitch of Buchenwald She was accused of taking souvenirs from the skin of murdered inmates with distinctive tattoos. she built an indoor sports arena, which cost over 250,000 marks, most of which were taken from the inmates. arrested by the Gestapo for embezzlement of SS funds, and the murder of certain inmates in an attempt to cover up these crimes. Fred Chase Koch (September 23, 1900 – November 17, 1967) chemical engineer and founded the TEXACO oil refinery firm that later became Koch Industries(Chevron). Koch and its customers were sued for patent infringement, process for turning crude oil into gasoline. litigation effectively put Winkler-Koch out of business in the U.S. for several years. Koch turned his focus to foreign markets, including the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany,Erich Koch During his time in the Soviet Union, Fred Koch came to despise communism and Josef Stalin's regime "a land of hunger, misery, and terror". Fred C. Koch married Mary Robinson in Kansas City, Missouri in 1932. They had four sons, Frederick (b. 1933), Charles (b. 1935), David (b. 1940) and William (b. 1940). Sons Charles de Ganahl Koch and David H. Koch David and Cahrles Koch had been a consultant for the McCain/Palin campaign. Sen Jim Inhofe has been in the U.S. Senate for 14 years. His major supporters are a who's who in the oil field, Koch industries (oil), Murray energy ( Coal), Valhi chemical, Devon energy (oil), OGE enrgy, Texaco (Chevron), and many other oil and elec corp. Sen Inholfe "much of the debate over global warming is predicated on fear, rather than science.� I called the threat of catastrophic global warming the “greatest hoax ever perpetrated on the American people,� he has taken $1,076,573 from major oil companies since 2000, and voted in Big Oil’s interests 100% of the time Oil billionaires David and Charles Koch have jumped on board an effort to suspend California's global warming law by making a million-dollar contribution this week.

Answer: Were the Koch Brothers featured in the DailyKook or the Huffinglue Post today? I had never heard the name before, and suddenly leftists have crowned them the Second Coming of Satan.

Question: PLEASE HELP SCIENCE 10 POINTS fro best answer? 29. _____ is the waste that is created in the process of making products. (1 point) pre-consumer waste post-consumer waste e-waste rucksack 30. Compost is a rich soil amendment of organic matter that is made from decomposed plant parts collected from kitchen or yard waste. (1 point) True False 31. It is estimated that there are thousands of satellites, pieces of old booster rockets, nuts and bolts, and a long list of scrap material left in orbit above the Earth. (1 point) True False 32. The Department of Transportation (DOT) is in charge of all forms of transport systems and vehicles. (1 point) True False 33. Modern thermal power plants generate power basically the same way that old steam engines do. (1 point) True False 34. The great Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) began oil transport in 1977 and has maintained the highest flow rates since it began. (1 point) True False 35. All of the following power plants are considered thermal power plants because they heat the steam that works the generators, except (1 point) nuclear power plants coal burning power plants fossil fuel power plants hydroelectric power plants 36. Most crude oil is delivered from terminals to refineries by: (1 point) tanker jets cargo trains underground pipelines off shore drills 37. "Green Power� clean energy production refers to all of the following new power sources except for : (1 point) wind generators geothermal energy solar energy panels nuclear fusion 38. All of the following are important integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, except: (1 point) using good bugs to kill bad bugs trimming off infested plant branches never sterilizing tools using chemicals only when necessary 39. All of the following statements are true, except: (1 point) The US is largest producer of corn in the world. Corn is the main cattle and production animal feed in the US. Almost all of the corn grown in the US is exported. Corn alcohol is distilled to make the cleaner fuel called ethanol. 40. All of the following statements are true, except: (1 point) Tractors allowed farmers to be more productive and changed human lifestyles. The US is considered a major agricultural nation. Agriculture in the US has to follow the strict environmental laws of the US Farm Bill. There are currently no inspection services for food grown in the US. 41. __________________ maintains balance in an ecosystem. (1 point) Sustainable land use Genetic engineering Deforestation Combustion 42. _____________ is a technology which bypasses all natural barriers that prevent different organisms from breeding. The technology removes DNA material from one organism and plants it in a different organism s DNA. (1 point) Biodiversity Genetic engineering Bioremediation Hemodialysis 43. _____________ is a fuel source made from the byproducts of the agricultural industry such as leftover straw from fields of grain, vines from pumpkin farms, or wood chips from lumber processing. (1 point) Fertilizer Nuclear energy Biomass fuels Bio-plastic

Answer: Seriously, you should try to learn and study because if you need others to answer such simple questions there's no way you're going to pass the exam. You can do it on your own, and that is the only way you'll do well on the exam or in anything else for that matter.