Chemical Process Engineer Career Training Guide

Question: Have scientists Really Created Life from scratch? Is it a higher intelligence rather than natural occurrence? A large team of collaborators recently published papers in Science and in Nature reporting on two enzymes created from scratch and capable of catalyzing nonbiological chemical transformations. This work has several important implications: It helps biochemists to develop a better understanding of the relationship between enzyme structure and function. It also establishes an approach to generate novel enzymes which can have a wide array of practical applications. And finally, it affects attempts by life scientists to create artificial life in the lab, and, consequently, impacts the creation/intelligent design/evolution controversy. Though conceptually easy, designing these two enzymes was no trivial undertaking. The strategy employed by the researchers involved: * Modeling the reaction mechanism and the transition state of the reaction * Determining how to stabilize the transition state by placing chemical groups around the transition state complex * Designing an enzyme active site that yields the proper placement of chemical groups in space * Constructing the scaffolding of the protein chain to form and accommodate the active site * Fine-tuning the resulting enzymes Executing this strategy required a large team of quantum and computational chemists, protein engineers, biochemists, and molecular biologists to create these biomolecules. The computations needed to design the active site and the initial enzyme architectures required hours and hours of supercomputer time. It took so much effort to design the active site and protein scaffold primarily because the computational chemists and protein engineers weren’t able to build the enzymes from first principles. Instead they had to piece together the enzymes from the domains of about 100 proteins of known structure. They essentially mixed and matched protein regions, producing mosaic enzymes. Using this approach, they still had to sort through combinations for about 100,000 different protein regions. Once they created a scaffold that appeared to work, they had to optimize it using computational techniques. For one of the enzymes, this process yielded about 58 candidates. Candidate enzymes were synthesized and evaluated in the lab as catalysts. Of the 58 possibilities only eight performed well enough to take to the next stage. The structures of the best enzymes were then fine-tuned with in vitro evolution protocols. For one of the created enzymes, the in vitro evolution step improved efficiency by about two hundredfold. Still, this enzyme operated with an efficiency that was ten thousand to a billion times less effective than enzymes typically found in living systems. According to the authors: " Although our results demonstrate that novel enzyme activities can be designed from scratch and indicate the catalytic strategies that are most accessible to nascent enzymes, there is still a significant gap between the activities of our designed catalysts and those of naturally occurring enzymes." Even though the created enzymes fall short of those in nature, this advance truly represents a landmark accomplishment that stands as a towering intellectual achievement in every way. The ability to design enzymes that can catalyze novel, nonbiological chemical reactions will lead to better understanding of protein structure and enzyme catalysis. This methodology will also pave the way for protein engineers to design enzymes with industrial, agricultural, and biomedical utility. At first Glance it appears as if scientists are one step closer to creating life in the lab. And if scientists can create life, where does that leave God? In the face of this concern it’s remarkable to note how much effort it took to design a single enzyme that at best compares poorly with those found in nature. It took a collaborative effort from a large number of some of the finest minds in the world to develop and employ an effective design strategy. These researchers relied on sophisticated mathematical algorithms and technology (supercomputers and laboratory instruments) to carry out their scheme. If it takes this much work and intellectual input to create a single enzyme from scratch, is it really reasonable to think that undirected evolutionary processes could routinely accomplish this task? And to a superior extent each time an enzyme emerges in nature? . Acid Zebra... simply by considering the probability of the essential gene set coming into existence simultaneously. According to this analysis, it is super-astronomically improbable for the essential gene set to emerge simultaneously through natural means alone. If left up to an abiogenesis/evolutionary process, not enough resources or time exist throughout the universe’s history to generate life even in its simplest form.

Answer: One day a group of scientists got together and decided that man had come a long way and no longer needed God. So they picked one scientist to go and tell Him that they were done with Him. The scientist walked up to God and said, "God, we've decided that we no longer need you. We're to the point that we can clone people and do many miraculous things, so why don't you just go on and get lost." God listened very patiently and kindly to the man and after the scientist was done talking, God said, "Very well, how about this, let's say we have a man-making contest." To which the scientist replied, "OK, great!" But God added, "Now, we're going to do this just like I did back in the old days with Adam." The scientist said, "Sure, no problem" and bent down and grabbed himself a handful of dirt. God just looked at him and said, "Oh no! You go make your own dirt!"

Question: Have scientists unwittingly constructed a case for a Creator ...and against abiogenesis/evolution? Fuel consumption problems have forced researchers to consider other options. One possible alternative is the use of alcohols with five carbons or more (C5 alcohols). C5 to C8 aliphatic alcohols are more similar to gasoline than ethanol (which is a C2 alcohol). These compounds are also much less soluble in water. This makes them easier to purify from water. (Ethanol has a high solubility in water.) Recently researchers engineered a novel, nonnatural metabolic system in the bacterium Escherichia coli capable of producing nonnatural alcohols that may serve as alternative fuels. This exciting advance has important technological utility and theological implications, providing clear-cut evidence that life requires the work of an intelligent Designer. Metabolism refers to the myriad chemical reactions that occur in organisms. These reactions are necessary to sustain life. Metabolic activity makes it possible for life-forms to extract energy from the environment and make life's component parts. Reengineering metabolic pathways to produce nonnatural materials like C5 alcohols is no easy task. One difficulty stems from the limited set of pathways and metabolites found in living systems. This doesn't give biotechnologists many ways to use biochemistry to make non-natural materials. Still, bioengineers can take advantage of the available metabolic pathways to make some "artificial" materials by feeding nonnatural ingredients to cells. This approach has limitations though. Because of the specificity of the enzymes that catalyze metabolic routes, many nonnatural compounds won't interact with the metabolic machinery and, hence, undergo chemical transformation into the desired product. Generally speaking, to build upon the existing chemistry of a metabolic pathway, researchers have to reengineer the entire enzyme collective. Because of the complexity of metabolic pathways, bioengineers have to expend considerable effort on rational design strategies to achieve this reengineering, as the recent work on E. coli attests. It is worth noting–as marvelous as this achievement is–that the researchers didn't create this metabolic pathway from scratch, but pieced together the pathway using modified enzymes taken from a variety of sources. In the end, it's fair to say that this novel metabolic process was intelligently designed. In fact, biochemists describe this type of work as "rational design". Given the amount of effort invested in reengineering existing metabolic systems to make C5 to C8 alcohols, the design of this artificial metabolic system raises provocative questions. Is it reasonable to maintain that life's chemistry originated and evolved through undirected processes? Doesn't this work provide direct, empirical evidence that biochemical systems require the work of intelligent agency in order to come into being and to undergo significant change? . Rev Soli.... never point finger because you 3 more pointed right back at yourself.... ....by considering the probability of the essential gene set coming into existence simultaneously. According to this analysis, it is super-astronomically improbable for the essential gene set to emerge simultaneously through natural means alone. If left up to an evolutionary process, not enough resources or time exist throughout the universe’s history to generate life even in its simplest form. Garden Gallivant..... Nice links Thank you. http://www.pnas.org/content/105/52/20653… is how this information was ascertained. As you say....We can cut and paste to cherry pick natural functions the organisms evolved in response to their particular environment. ....natural functions the organisms evolved in response to their particular environment.... is a theory and is unprovable in bench and lab! The design was there for the scientists to test and design with yes...but how the limited set of pathways and metabolites found in living systems is not provable via evolution/abiogenesis. The Ehrlich Pathway is the only well-studied metabolic pathway that can form aliphatic alcohols. This route can be exploited to make alcohols by feeding microbes amino acids. However, it can generate only alcohols smaller than C5. Such outstanding work holds promise to help solve energy problems and also fuels the case for intelligent design. .

Answer: The work you mention, but do not cite: 'Expanding metabolism for biosynthesis of nonnatural alcohols' http://www.pnas.org/content/105/52/20653… This paper is about directed evolution to select organisms with a marginal but innate ability to handle chemically synthesized nonnatural amino acids and sugars as new building blocks. The research team created synthetic operons using selected genes from several species to build the path. Again the functional abilities existed and, by having a goal, the metabolic functions could simply be redirected to "expand the intermediary metabolism of E. coli to produce various C5 to C8 alcohols that are not readily produced by microorganisms." If you read the literature on the subject you would know that the idea is that many molecules exist in bacteria just as they do in fungi in small quantities. Bioengineering is an attempt to maximize the path's efficiency, at the expense of the organism, to achieve maximum output of the hydrocarbons of interest to our benefit. "There have been successful efforts to engineer microbes, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli, to produce farnesane in excess." We can cut and paste to cherry pick natural functions the organisms evolved in response to their particular environment. http://ejournal.vudat.msu.edu/index.php/… Many plants make long chain hydrocarbons as oils, waxes and fats that are not suitable as fuel but the endophytic fungus, Gliocladium roseum, can produce mycodiesel using the cellulose of its host as a substrate to produce a short chain hydrocarbon. The fungus can also do this reaction in laboratory culture so it may be possible to selectively breed the organisms for traits and grow it in large scale bioreactors for fuel production. This is not an in lab engineered inefficient metabolic path but a metabolic variant of the path other fungi use to produce so many hydrocarbons. Natural selection explains why there are so many natural metabolic variants unlike the idea of Intentional Design.

Question: Project in Chemical Industry? I am a Chemical Engineering student in my pre final year. Now i am about to choose an industry to do project relevant to my discipline (Chemical Engineering). But i am not sure of which industry i should choose as there are many and i want my project to be of some value even in future. My priority is quality of project. If you are a chemical engineer or have any idea regarding in which industry or in which process is it worth doing project?

Answer: Personally, I would do something in process simulation. Software changes with computers etc, but outlining the steps ... e.g. block diagram functions and procedures ... that programs can successfully follow in order to simulate CE project outcomes (e.g., metallurgy, compounds, anything) will exercise your thinking in ways that may be of use to you throughout your career. For specific areas, browse the ideas in this: http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemicalen… Good luck .

Question: How would a chemical engineer determine the mass of br needed to react completely with a given mass of mg? In a certain industrial process, the magnesium reacts with liquid bromine. How would a chemical engineer determine the mass of bromine needed to react completely with a given mass of magnesium?

Answer: he would use stoichiometry..

Question: Where can I find PFD (Process Flow Diagram) Chemical Engineering Symbols? I'm looking for vaporizer, condenser, absorber and blending tank in particular Thank you for your time

Answer: How specific do these symbols have to be? I googled, and got this: http://webtools.delmarlearning.com/sampl… But usually, I just draw rectangle for tanks, vertical cylinders for distillation columns, and triangles for mixers and separators. Vaporizer and condensers would just be smaller horizontal cylinders or smaller boxes. It really depends on how specific you want it. Are you trying to draw a specific type of vaporizer, condenser, etc? If not, then it doesn't matter too much.

Question: Does chemical engineering have some application of chemical principles or is it just about industrial mngmt? I have done a lot of research on chemical engineering on the internet and asked a lot of questions on Yahoo! Answers too ... But, whatever i have heard makes me feel that Chemical Engineering majorly involves industrial management...Frankly speaking, i am interested into Chemistry(chemical principles,chemicals,processes of production of chemical compounds,etc.) and i aspire to take up a field which involves application of my knowledge of Chemistry... Do you think Chemical Engineering is the right field for me?? Does it only involve Industrial and Machine Management or it also involves chemical principles,chemicals,processes of production of chemical compounds,etc.?? It would be better if a Chemistry oriented person or a Chemical Engineer answers it... Thank You...

Answer: Chemical engineering as with all engineering disciplines is what you make of it. It doesn't take a chemical engineer to answer this question because the career path that any engineer takes is very personal and up to the individual. I have worked with many chemical engineers. Some have chosen to move into management positions while others have chosen to follow a purely technical path where they were able to practice in the various areas of chemical engineering. There are also some chemical engineers who choose to become project managers where they are involved in all aspects of the development of a process from inception to actual plant construction and operation. There are many people who provide answers on Yahoo. Their intentions are good but some have a very limited view of the various engineering disciplines and what a specific engineer does. I have worked for 35 years for a major company and in that time have had about 100 different significant assignments covering interaction with all kinds of engineers, contractors, consultants, manufacturers, government departments and so on. This exposure has given me and others like me a much better understanding of the wide variety of opportunities for an engineer to find their own path.

Question: intro to chemical engineering. recycling reactors? in the recycle process for the production of ethylene oxide, the ethylene: air ratio in the fresh feed is 1:10, the products from the reactor enter a separator that separates all the ethylene oxide, the rest of the products are divided into 2 parts. One part is recycled, the other is the waste. The recycle ratio (recycle:waste) is 2, and the overall conversion of the process is 75%. a) Your colleague calculates the concentration of N2 in the recycle to be approximately 80 mole %. Explain without calculation, whether or not this answer could be correct and why. (this requires a detail explanation based on the process and process Stoichiometry b) your colleague also calculates the conversion per pass to be approximately 90%. Explain, without any calculation, whether or not this answer could be correct and why. c) if the fresh feed rate and the reactor condition remains unchanged and the recycle ratio is increased to 4, which of the following result is true: 1. to the conversion per pass increases. 2.the conversion per pass remains the same. 3.the conversion per pass decreases. (give a detail explanation why) d) if the fresh feed rate and the reactor conditions remain unchanged and the recycle ratio is increased to 4, which of the following results true: 1. the overall conversion increases 2. the overall conversion remains the same 3. the overall conversion decreases. (give detail explanation why)

Answer: 1. This is not possible. I believe the answer they're looking for is because ethylene oxide and oxygen combine to make one molecule and it's removed, the concentration of n2 should go above 80% 2. The conversion per pass cannot be 90% because then overall yield would be higher than 90%. Otherwise, you wouldn't recycle 3. It's likely the conversion per pass will decrease because the process will be more diluted, but it's also possible depending on the reaction that the conversion per pass will remain the same. 4. the overall conversion increases, because you're giving the oxygen and ethylene more reaction time before purging.

Question: Is DNA made from scratch in a laboratory actually a plagiarized version of a natural one? At the core of synthetic biology's new ascendance are high-speed DNA synthesizers that can produce very long strands of genetic material from basic chemical building blocks: sugars, nitrogen-based compounds and phosphates. Today a scientist can write a long genetic program on a computer just as a maestro might compose a musical score, then use a synthesizer to convert that digital code into actual DNA. Experiments with "natural" DNA indicate that when a faux chromosome gets plopped into a cell, it will be able to direct the destruction of the cell's old DNA and become its new "brain" — telling the cell to start making a valuable chemical, for example, or a medicine or a toxin, or a bio-based gasoline substitute. An extra gene or two to be inserted into corn plants, for example, to help the plants ward off insects or tolerate drought. Scientists get excited about finding stone tools in a cave because these speak of intelligence—a tool maker. They could not have designed themselves. Neither would anyone believe that the carved Presidents' heads on Mt. Rushmore were the product of millions of years of chance erosion. We can recognize design—the evidence of the outworkings of intelligence—in the man-made objects all around us. Similarly, in William Paley's famous argument, a watch implies a watchmaker. Today, however, a large proportion of people, including many leading scientists, believe that all plants and animals, including the incredibly complex brains of the people who make watches, motor cars, etc., were not designed by an intelligent God but rather came from an unintelligent evolutionary process. But is this a defensible position? DNA is engineered in the first place. . Molecular biologist Dr. Michael Denton, concluded: 'Alongside the level of ingenuity and complexity exhibited by the molecular machinery of life, even our most advanced [twentieth century technology appears] clumsy. . . . It would be an illusion to think that what we are aware of at present is any more than a fraction of the full extent of biological design. In practically every field of fundamental biological research ever-increasing levels of design and complexity are being revealed at an ever-accelerating rate.' The world-renowned crusader for Darwinism and atheism, Prof. Richard Dawkins, states: 'We have seen that living things are too improbable and too beautifully “designed� to have come into existence by chance.'

Answer: A well written question! I'm Much impressed compared to some we get here! The DNA code, despite it's complexity is not good proof for a creator for many reasons. First of all it's a matter of natural assemblage. the sugars and amino acids involved are chaining molecules, this is how they naturally exist even when not present in a living cell. DNA forms the shape that it does and the patterns of it arrangement because it couldn't form any other way. This is just like a snowflake crystal can only form its precise pattern in a hexagonal arrangement because that's how it's molecules line up. The same goes for the cubic bonds of salt and the regular and machine like smoothness of many Crystals. Also carbon chemistry also forms monstrously long chains of molecules without living intervention. Obviously what makes the arrangement special in life is that the RNA or DNA code is self replicating and able to direct chemical instructions on the formation of a larger organism, and that is unique to life, however it's dazzling complexity alone is not. As in the Crystals mentioned above. They too are formations that feed, and grow over time and have a regular structure which baffled science before chemistry understood atomic bonds. However no one would call a crystal "alive." Another major issue with DNA is that it is, in short, very badly put together. The size of the human genome is about the size of a cd (Around 700mb) however the part that makes it unique to us is only about 10mb. A great deal of the rest of that 690mb is mostly made up of trash. Random, inert or historical gibberish that doesn't have anything to do with our form. It's known as non-coding DNA by science. Most of it is either left over damage from somewhere in our ancestral history or parts of code from like when we were tree shrews 60 million years ago and now corrupted beyond recognition by copy errors. If DNA was engineered, then who in the hell designs a code that badly!? With so much useless code DNA would be a study in ineptitude! ho writes a computer programme that is 100 times bigger in size than it needs to be? Who designs a car with plans that contain 16 wheels, 2 and a half engines, 17 sun roofs and 244 headlights? Only an imbecile could plan a design that badly and illogically. DNA only makes sense if it has been formed by natural selection, taking avenues, getting lost, doubling back, trying out other ideas, settling for compromise, re-adapting to new circumstances, missing an obvious advantage, compensating with a new sense, growing bigger limbs, etc. etc. It's a code with no master plan and is still altering in all of us as generation to generation passes by. Finally, DNA is not copy friendly. Write errors in DNA are terrible. The diploid combinations in our sexual reproduction can repair some of these when it comes to creating a new instruction set, but in us, we're all on a copy error knife edge because of DNA. When it goes wrong, you get Cancer, as well as issues such as deformities, degenerative diseases, general losses of function, collapsing immune systems and it is common in nearly all life. DNA screws up, and only humans are able to try and pick up the pieces and design treatments to combat it. Obviously mutations are a major source of progress in evolution as well as a drawback, but the children born to us with downs syndrome, autism, schizophrenia, deformed limbs, cleft palettes, hearts with holes in them, hermaphroditism are all testaments to the limitations of DNA and the dangers of it's bulky undisciplined nature. I can't move to believe DNA is the work of intelligence because no designer would be so vague or comprehensively bad at their job. As stunning a natural process as it is, it is a process that runs blind to our physical selves, and at the cellular level, does like a computer does and just copies and recopies its instructions without regard to whether they are correct or not. It doesn't ever discern and leaves us with the horrors of cancer to deal with when it breaks down. You can't compare DNA directly to a watch in this analogy as it doesn't work, but you can compare it to the designs for building a watch. A watch by design is the work of a discerning, pragmatic thought process which has weighed the mechanical with the aesthetic to create a functional piece of technology. DNA is neither pragmatic or aesthetic as a design agent, and responds only to the larger process of natural selection, and occasionally to other forces like horizontal gene transfer. A watch design is created with intent, DNA is concerned only with opportunity of circumstance.

Question: What skills should a chemical or process engineer have to become employable? Other than the Ch E degree.....anything specifically like AutoCad, knowing some programming languages, Six Sigma, etc? I feel as if my degree taught me a lot about theory but few specific skills

Answer: You will have big advantage if you know six sigma and lean. It is good if you know autocad but not the programing language. Some manufacturing or company need their engineer to make drawing but never heard process engineer need to write program

Question: Please help with writing my resume's objective statement.? Objective To gain employment within the biorenewable industry, where I can apply my chemical engineering knowledge, in areas such as thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and process control. What do you think? Is the punctuation ok? background: I'm an entry level chemical engineer. I don't have any on the job training, but I do have hands on experience via my unit ops lab.

Answer: I would simplify it just a bit: To work in the biorenewable industry and apply my chemical engineering knowledge in areas such as thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and process control.

Question: How would you write this in your own words? Reply ASAP? At Stanford, Jemison pursued a dual major and in 1977 received a B.S. in chemical engineering and a B.A. in African and African-American Studies. As she had been in high school, Jemison was very involved in extracurricular activities including dance and theater productions, and served as head of the Black Student Union. Upon graduation, she entered Cornell University Medical College to work toward a medical degree. During her years there, she found time to xpand her horizons by visiting and studying in Cuba and Kenya and working at a Cambodian rfugee camp in Thailand. When she obtained her M.D. in 1981, she interned at Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center and later worked as a general pactitioner. For the next two and a half years, she was the area Peace Corps medical officer for Sierra Leone and Liberia where she also taught and did medical research. Following her return to the United States in 1985, she made a career change and decided to follow a dream she had nurtured for a long time. In October of that year she applied for admission to NASA's astronaut training program. The Challenger disaster of January 1986 delayed the selection process, but when she reapplied a year later, Jemison was one of the 15 candidates chosen from a field of about 2,000.

Answer: Chez Stanford, Jemison a poursuivi un principal duel et dans 1977 a reçu un B.S. en génie chimique et un B.A. dans des études d'Africain et d'Afro-Américain. Car elle avait été dans le lycée, Jemison était très impliqué dans des activités hors programme comprenant des productions de danse et de théâtre, et servi de tête de l'union d'étudiant noire. Sur le repére, elle est entrée à l'université médicale d'Université de Cornell pour travailler vers un degré médical. Pendant ses années là, elle a trouvé le temps au xpand ses horizons par la visite et l'étude au Cuba et au Kenya et le travail à un camp cambodgien de rfugee en Thaïlande. Quand elle a obtenu son M.D. en 1981, elle a interné au centre médical du comté/Université de Californie du Sud de Los Angeles et plus tard a travaillé comme pactitioner général. Pour les deux prochains et une moitié d'années, elle était le médecin conseil de corps de paix de secteur pour le Sierra Leone et le Libéria où elle a également enseigné et a fait la recherche médicale. Suivant son retour vers les Etats-Unis en 1985, elle a fait un changement de carrière et décidee pour suivre un rêve qu'elle avait consolidé pendant longtemps. En octobre de cette année elle a sollicité l'admission au programme de formation de l'astronaute de la NASA. Le désastre de provocateur du janvier 1986 a retardé le processus de sélection, mais quand elle a réappliqué un an après, Jemison était l'un des 15 candidats choisis d'un champ environ de 2.000.

Question: Do you know WHEN H.R. 645 goes up for vote in the House ? I would like to urge my congressman to vote against it as it formally initializes FEMA concentration-style camps in the U.S.! NEW LEGISLATION AUTHORIZES FEMA CAMPS IN U.S. Paul Joseph Watson Prison Planet. com Tuesday, January 27, 2009 A new bill introduced in Congress authorizes the Department of Homeland Security to set up a network of FEMA camp facilities to be used to house U.S. citizens in the event of a national emergency. The National Emergency Centers Act or HR 645 mandates the establishment of “national emergency centers� to be located on military installations for the purpose of to providing “temporary housing, medical, and humanitarian assistance to individuals and families dislocated due to an emergency or major disaster,� according to the bill. The legislation also states that the camps will be used to “provide centralized locations to improve the coordination of preparedness, response, and recovery efforts of government, private, and not-for-profit entities and faith-based organizations�. Ominously, the bill also states that the camps can be used to “meet other appropriate needs, as determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security,� an open ended mandate which many fear could mean the forced detention of American citizens in the event of widespread rioting after a national emergency or total economic collapse. Many credible forecasters have predicted riots and rebellions in America that will dwarf those already witnessed in countries like Iceland and Greece. With active duty military personnel already being stationed inside the U.S. under Northcom, partly for purposes of “crowd control,� fears that Americans could be incarcerated in detainment camps are all too real. The bill mandates that six separate facilities be established in different Federal Emergency Management Agency Regions (FEMA) throughout the country. The camps will double up as “command and control� centers that will also house a “24/7 operations watch center� as well as training facilities for Federal, State, and local first responders. The bill also contains language that will authorize camps to be established within closed or already operating military bases around the country. As we have previously highlighted, in early 2006 Halliburton subsidiary Kellogg, Brown and Root was awarded a $385 million dollar contract by Homeland Security to construct detention and processing facilities in the event of a national emergency. The language of the preamble to the agreement veils the program with talk of temporary migrant holding centers, but it is made clear that the camps would also be used “as the development of a plan to react to a national emergency. � As far back as 2002, FEMA sought bids from major real estate and engineering firms to construct giant internment facilities in the case of a chemical, biological or nuclear attack or a natural disaster. A much discussed and circulated report, the Pentagon’s Civilian Inmate Labor Program, was more recently updated and the revision details a “template for developing agreements� between the Army and corrections facilities for the use of civilian inmate labor on Army installations. � Alex Jones has attended numerous military urban warfare training drills across the US where role players were used to simulate arresting American citizens and taking them to internment camps. Read the new legislation in full below. National Emergency Centers Establishment Act (Introduced in House) HR 645 IH 111th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 645 To direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish national emergency centers on military installations. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES January 22, 2009 Mr. HASTINGS of Florida introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition to the Committee on Armed Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish national emergency centers on military installations. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ..National Emergency Centers Establishment Act’. SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY CENTERS. (a) In General- In accordance with the requirements of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish not fewer than 6 national emergency centers on military installations. (b) Purpose of National Emergency Centers- The purpose of a national emergency center shall be to use existing infrastructure– (1) to provide temporary housing, medical, and humanitarian assistance to individuals and families dislocated due to an emergency or ma

Answer: You could actually find answers to your questions if you looked in the right places. http://homeland.house.gov/

Question: present my chemical engineer experience? I am chemical engineer who have a good process experiences in the production train's troubleshooting, process design of chemical plants, design and inspection of water and wastewater plants, and also proposal affairs with tender documentation and project planning, in the fields of polyester fiber and carpet production, oil and petrochemical industries, which I have achieved during near 15 years working, thus I request a job position for this at every where, if anyone feel like making a collaboration I would be appreciated. In addition I am originally Persian language and also am good at English, and fairly good at French.

Answer: Check out Sid Richardson Carbon Co. or Continental Carbon Co.

Question: Chemical/Process engineering resume objective statement help? I'm trying to write a basic objective statement for a position in chemical engineering namely process engineering. Heres what i have but i think it sounds awkward. Please help. 1.To have a challenging position in chemical engineering where I could apply all major engineering principles learned in school and professional expertise in the field of chemical engineering. 2.To have a challenging position in chemical engineering where I could apply all major principles learned in school by which I can apply my wide knowledge and professional expertise in the field of chemical engineering. Yeah i agree it sounds rough. I'm about to graduate and actually have quite a bit of experience across 3 different engineering companies.

Answer: Sounds forced and bogus. You're looking for an entry-level position in process control which appeals to your interest in production-oriented chemical engineering. Incidentally, you need to pass the EIT/FE exam.

Question: What is the salary of computer process control engineers(chemical engineering) in USA AND CANADA? It is quiet a new field and only UNiversity Of Alberta provide this engineering in whole North America. What is the future scope of this engineering in the world?? What is their starting salary??

Answer: chem engineers make >$60kUS/yr to start, and around $120kUS at retirement. Process Control Engineering goes by many names - Instrumentation & Contols, Mechatronics, process integration, and others. There are programs at several schools in both the US and Canada. UBC and at least one school in the Toronto area (daughter of a friend graduated in the field and she was in the Toronto area). In the US, Gonzaga (Spokane, WA) has an option/specialty, Purdue (Indiana), TAMU, Penn State (with Stu Churchill), and others. Louisiana State had an internationally recognized faculty member, Cecil Smith, who taught it in the Chem Eng dept for years (starting in the 70s). It is indeed one of the newest fields, and there is a shortage of people with the right training (right out of school). I did the work years ago before people who wanted to do the work came along (I don't like programming PLCs and DCSs).

Question: Can i Show my IELTS General for Immigration to Australia while i am a Chemical Engineer.? Actually somebody told me that i must go for Academic IELTS because for Chemical engineers , during Australian Immigration process, their documents have to be approved from Australian Education Commission as well and they require IELTS Academic.isn't my General IELTS acceptable then?

Answer: Chemical Engineers are assessed by Engineers Australia (EA) and EA accept both General and Academic IELTS for skills assessment purposes. DIAC also accepts Genenral IELTS so you have been misinformed. http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/app_templates/ajax.cfm?ajaxTemplate=ajaxpagelets_faq.cfm&quid=BFA185CF-DF35-68D8-69D9-B7CB8585FFDB http://www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration/175/eligibility-english.htm

Question: I want to know how can we clean the PVC Extruder Barrel using only chemical Material? I am mechanical engineer but working now as a chemical process engineer, I am supervising the Extruder PVC Pipe machinery, I want to know the formulae for the cleaning at the time of Shut down weekly last hours.

Answer: Contact the manufacturer for the best recommendation.

Question: as a chemical engineer,i want to know the effect of salinated water on pipes and chemical processes.? i am writing a project on desalination of water using ion exchange resins (sulphonated polystyrene).i want to know the effect of salinated water on pipes,chemical and industrial processes.

Answer: You say your a chemical engineer,??? today's pipes more often than not are nowadays plastic for carrying salt water, so your problem dosent exhist.

Question: need a chemical engineering professor who can teach chemical process controlling? he should be a private teacher

Answer: u are asking for a hard thing , delivering @ home isn't available anymore

Question: Could sombody tell me som useful tips to suceed in the process thermo course in ugrad chemical engineerin prgm Everybody tells that process thermodynamics is one of the hardest Chemical Engineering courses. It would be great if a person who has already jumped that hurdle successfully could advice me with some useful study tips. I am really scared right now.

Answer: Yup... your thermo class will be one of the hardest that you'll have to take. I had metallurgical thermo, but close enough to chemical. Just keep in mind that you have to conserve energy. All of the energy input to the system must equal the output of the system. I struggled with the class myself. I ended up with a C+. I hope this helps.

Question: Chemical processes/engineering that operate a refinery? What are the chemical processes/engineering that operate the refinery process that the crude oil can be cracked into its individual components. Thanks for the help :)

Answer: Process engineers in the petrochemical industry play a major role either in design, operation or maintenance , they operate the plant including the cracker and trouble shoot problems also they do lot of debottle neck exercise to increase performance and productivity

Question: what do project engineers do in EPC companies? is this job suited for chemical engineers? i recently got a job offer from JGC as a project engineer. currently, i am a process engineer in a petrochemical plant which will start up in a few months. i love my job right now even though i am just a project employee. should i accept the offer or not? will i be able to attain the growth as a chemical engineer in an EPC company rather in a petrochem plant? thanks.

Answer: I assume by EPC you mean Engineering, Procurement and Construction. Then it might be similar to my situation as a ChemEng grad now 19 years in Environmental. Environmental is almost all Civils and geologists. So they know rocks and reinforced concrete. Whoop-te-do! I know heat exchange, chemical reactors, energy balances, etc. All much more suited to analyzing any cutting-edge approaches. At a petrochemical plant, probably only a ChemEng will end up as a the managering engineer. (But do you really want to be magagerial versus technical? Some people do, some don't). As a ChemEng in a sea of Civil, Mechanicals, and Structurals, there will be problems that you can solve best. So it is a way to stand out. Any schooling only gives you 10-20% of what you need on the job. The other 80% you learn on the job. So there is no reason you can't become adapt at Civil, etc. I did. No one much cares if you have professional registration as a Chemical, at least not in most of the USA. Civil (especially), mechanical and structural matter though. Big things don't get built without them signing off. If you can get in, you can use practical experience in any of those disciplines to sit for the corresponding PE exam. I did. Civil PE in two states without ever taking a Civil class. But you love your job. Loving your job is WAY more important that apparent advancement opportunities. The happy, productive worker is much more likely to advance than someone who is in the wrong setting. Sorry, no simple answer, but I hope that helps a little.

Question: What steps do I need to take in order to become a Chemical Engineer? I'm not sure how this process would work. Do I major in chemistry and than go to Chemical Engineering? Would I go straight to chemical engineering? What major would be most appropriate for chemical engineering?

Answer: You start off majoring in chemical engineering. First, you enter the college of engineering at your school and take some basic courses, then you start working more in the specific area of chemical engineering. At my school, there's a whole track telling you when you need to take what class for each brand of engineering (chemical,electrical, mechanical,etc)

Question: Introductory Chemical Engineering Process Question? Assumption: conversion of starch to sugar and sugar to ethanol is assumed to be 100%. Density of pure ethanol is 789 kg/m3. Molecular weights of glucose and ethanol are 180 and 46 g/gmol, respectively. 2-For the production of 240,000 liter per day of 90% ethanol, calculate a.The amount (kg) of corn grains required per year assuming 300 days of operation per year. b.The daily mass flow rate of the sugar and water sent to the fermenter. Process description: Corn kernels contain about 60% (wt.) starch. Corn starch is degraded to simple sugar (glucose) by special enzymes (a biocatalyst) in a reactor. The exit stream from the reactor is diluted in a dilution tank with water to produce the desired concentration for the fermenter (approximately 80% wt. water and 20% sugar). The conversion of sugar to ethanol occurs in the presence of yeasts. Air is introduced into the fermenter by spargers to enhance the production rate of ethanol. The gaseous stream leaving the fermenter contains nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen and moisture that is purged to the atmosphere. The concentration of ethanol produced in the fermenter is 10% wt. The liquid stream from the fermenter (10% wt ethanol and 90% wt water) is sent to a distillation column where ethanol is separated from the water. The concentration of ethanol in the overhead stream of the distillation column is 90% wt. The water separated from ethanol (in the bottoms stream) is partially recycled back to the dilution tank. Solid sludge, which is formed during the fermentation, is periodically discharged from the fermenter. Help! I know that I need to be multiplying by ratios, but I'm very confused. I did make a block diagram, but when it says to assume the 100% conversions it threw me off even more. You don't have to calculate the numbers or anything, I just need help getting started, or guiding me through the process of what to multiply.

Answer: Most of the info is irrelevant All that is needed is: 1. 1 kg starch requires 100/60 = 1.6667 kg corn 2. 1 kg starch produces 1 kg glucose (100% efficiency) 3. 1 mol glucose (180 g) produces 3 mols (138 g) ethanol 4 Density of ethanol For 2(a): 240000 l/day 90% ethanol = 216000 l/day = 216000 x 0.789 = 170424kg/day pure ethanol This requires 170424 x 180 / 138 = 222292 kg/day glucose =222292 kg/day starch = 370487 kg corn/ day = 370487 x 300 = 111146087 kg corn/yr. I am sure that you can calculate 2(b) following the same logic.

Question: Hi I want to know the scope of Chemical Engineer If she opts for Master in Textile Processing? I m a Chemical Engineer and i have got an opportunity to do my masters in UICT in Textile processing. My dream job is working in Research and Development dept. of an Industry. I just wanted to know my scope in the market. UICT is very reputed college and ranks 1st for chemical technology. Will this blend of Chemical engg. and masters in textile will be good? Will i get good job? Plz help i m really confused :(

Answer: why do you want a gold-plated a platinum ring?

Question: whats the role of chemical engineers during the distillation of ethanol process? material balances, control of inputs and outputs, safety. anything else?

Answer: Ideally, chemical engineers are process engineers. As such, they are responsible for the monitoring of the processes that take place through the observation and recording of the process variables. In addition to this, they are also responsible for troubleshooting equipments when problems arise. Moreover, they are also responsible for predicting future problems and suggesting ways to avoid these. Furthermore, many are engaged in design of plants or in retrofitting of plants. Some chemical engineers become operations/field technicians or board men. If such is the case, they are responsible for the overall operations of the plant. Of course, safety is an important aspect of the plant which can be handled by chemical engineers or safety engineers too.

Question: I am really really confused between mechanical engineering and computer process control engineers(Chemical En)? I know that you guys will say follow what interest you more and stuff etc. But I love computer process control engineering and mechanical both. CPC engineering( offered in chemical engineereing at U of Alberta) have highest starting salary among all engineering. So, I am confused even more. Plus, if I take CPC engineering , I will not be able to work in India where there is no jobs for such engineering I suppose as compared to job opportunities for this engineering in North america. Mechanical engineering jobs are in more number than CPC but still less. Plus, I want to do job in India only with very very good salary which I think is not possible. What should I do, I am really really really confused.

Answer: As I understand you, you want very high salary but want to work in India. The only solution is for you to get a job in mechanical engineering there itself, work for some time and then return to India where your experience would definitely count. Good luck

Question: How does one get into mining and material processing? I am looking towards my future and I see mining/ material processing as a good future. I am very good at math, chemistry and physics. I was wondering what degree I would do, I was thinking materials and process engineering or chemical engineering (preferably a course which is at many universities in the UK such as Imperial, Cambridge etc.) I was intrested in a position in mining which would get a high starting salary with a good chance of promotion. I was interested in the designing of mining tools and chemical processing plants. Thank you.

Answer: Look at mining or mineral engineering.

Question: Becoming a drilling engineer with a chemical engineering degree.? Hello everyone: I'm currently a sophomore at Purdue Univ majoring in ChemE. I want to be working in the upstream part of the petroleum industry; I want to become a drilling engineer. The conundrum here, apparently, is most ChemE majors tend to work as a process engineer or other refining related jobs in the downstream part of the industry--which leads to my questions: 1. What are the prospect of become a drilling engineer with a BS ChemE? 2. How can I make myself more marketable for the job I'm interested in? p.s. Please do not point out the obvious i.e. i should have majored in PetE or MechE, take interships coops...yada yada...i only want insights from someone who has some experience or know someone who does. thanks you so much.

Answer: I have more than 25 years of experience in oil and gas industry, yes being BS Chem you might become a drilling engineer, however at the start of your career it is good to know the drilling process and the associated problems , but as future career, I do not advise to have it as a high potential for better positions, the drilling process is continuous repetitive matter and will become boring job, however to become a process engineer is a highly challenging job and career, good luck

Question: I want to become a chemical engineer, but wanted to know..? could i become a process operator for my first 2 yrs at my CC program and then expand to chemical engineering.. What options would i have? What would be best?

Answer: Check with your CC. Many CCs have dual programs that produce either technicians or can serve as the first two years of a bachelors degree with credits transferred to certain institutions with four-year programs. The latter courses may be a little harder with tougher grading to meet requirements of other accredited institutions. Both courses serve useful purposes but you may have to chose when enrolling.

Question: solutions of solved problems in process modeling chemical engineering?

Answer: hellow friend ! **** nobody seems to be interested in this forum to reply you because most of the participants are busy here in replying the questions related to love, sex, dating etc. really, i don't know more about your question, otherwise i would definitely repllied you. however, you can search it on www.google.com or any other search engine websites.

Question: have the chemistry degree, would like to become/practice as a chemical engineer? any advice? So I have a B.Sc. in Chemistry and would like to practice as a chemical engineer. My understanding of the process of becoming an engineer of any discipline is that you graduate, get work experience for four years, and then you can write your examinations to obtain your P.Eng. designation. So what would be the shortest route for me? First of all I need to be eligible to write the FE exam to become an EIT and to get a job working in the engineering industry, therefore whatever I do, I have to be eligible. The way I see this working is, either (a) I go back to school for maybe 3 years and get my undergraduate degree in Chem. Eng. and then I will be just as qualified (or more with my chemistry degree) than other Chem. Eng.'s out there, or (b) I take a masters of science in Chemical Engineering (not masters of Eng. in Chemical Eng. as this is only open to Chem. Eng. undergrads) then get into the field - the problem with this one is that I would lack the fundamental courses that employers would see as beneficial and therefore it would probably not be advantageous to hire me say over Joe Blow with an undergrad. The other route of course is writing my exams (if I am eligible with my Chemistry degree) and take no formal training in Chemical Engineering at the university level but this I see as problematic for the reasons of why would an employer hire me to work as a chem. eng. when he can hire another guy/girl with a chem. eng. degree. Any advice here is definitely appreciated, I just started on here the other day and i really appreciate everyones input on this. Thanks again

Answer: Shortest route is the one that is filled with luck and serendipity. You have listed your options, more or less. If you spend the 3 years to get the engineering courses you missed, you will NOT be more qualified than a typical BS ChE - I, for instance, have worked as a chemist (analytical, process, and inorganic) without a BS Chem degree; I graduated just 2 courses shy of the BS Chem (quant and qual labs), which is typical of a BS ChE. Many schools will require that you take many of the undergrad courses you missed in order to get your MS ChE, but employers will often recognize the lack of all the fundamentals. The best bet (but not without risks and taking a fair amount of time - maybe 10+ years), is to get hired by a major manufacturer or R&D firm, work your way into process chemistry or similar positions, learn the engineering by taking courses and the hard way (lots of independent study), and many companies will have a career path that is intended for engineers only, but if you can get in, then you are in. On the way in, you can do the FE/EIT thing, but that might not be required. A PE will also get you into the engineering jobs, but with a chem degree, you still have to work for several years as an engineer (and be vouched for by other PEs) to even take the PE exam, so that doesn't even get you there. BTW, very few ChEs become PEs, since there is almost no requirement for a PE for ChEs (in know of exactly one).

Question: Have the Chemistry Degree, would like to become/practice as a Chemical Engineer? Any advice? So I have a B.Sc. in Chemistry and would like to practice as a chemical engineer. My understanding of the process of becoming an engineer of any discipline is that you graduate, get work experience for four years, and then you can write your examinations to obtain your P.Eng. designation. So what would be the shortest route for me? First of all I need to be eligible to write the FE exam to become an EIT and to get a job working in the engineering industry, therefore whatever I do, I have to be eligible. The way I see this working is, either (a) I go back to school for maybe 3 years and get my undergraduate degree in Chem. Eng. and then I will be just as qualified (or more with my chemistry degree) than other Chem. Eng.'s out there, or (b) I take a masters of science in Chemical Engineering (not masters of Eng. in Chemical Eng. as this is only open to Chem. Eng. undergrads) then get into the field - the problem with this one is that I would lack the fundamental courses that employers would see as beneficial and therefore it would probably not be advantageous to hire me say over Joe Blow with an undergrad. The other route of course is writing my exams (if I am eligible with my Chemistry degree) and take no formal training in Chemical Engineering at the university level but this I see as problematic for the reasons of why would an employer hire me to work as a chem. eng. when he can hire another guy/girl with a chem. eng. degree. Any advice here is definitely appreciated, I just started on here the other day and i really appreciate everyones input on this. Thanks again

Answer: The first thing to do is to contact the Board of Professional Engineers in your state (NCEES only takes care of the FE/PE testing) to see if your chemistry degree is eligible to take the EIT/FE exams and then the PE exams. Even though the average experience time required is 4 years, that number can vary on each state and can also depend on the judgment of the Board of PEs. I would apply for a masters degree though since it has more weight in your resume than a B.S. and not having a bachelors in engineering might be compensated by your work experience in the same field. By the way, most of the times, getting PE certification is only important if you are applying for government jobs since most companies will look more at your work experience and your skills.

Question: What are the types of process variables? Chemical Engineering: What are process variables and its types and How are they related to unit operations and unit processes?

Answer: depends on the process or unit. in order to control what is happening in a unit or process, you must have critical information about that process. for example, if the material needs to remain in the unit for a minimum amount of time then you would measure flow rate. Because if that is too high then possibly the time would reduce. This happens in a milk pasteuriser actually. The temperatures are alsu measure in a pasteuriser. some process parameters that are measured are . temperature, pressure, flow rates, concentrations, density.

Question: Are engineering jobs in oil companies stable? Do you get sacked easily? Especially as a process/chemical engineer? Thanks!

Answer: I'd say about any job with the oil industry right now is stable. They have all the $$$.

Question: What companies to work at as a graduating college student for Chemical Engineering? Does anyone have any advice? I've compiled quite an extensive list of companies to work for. However, there are many more out there, but I've hit a wall in my searches. Anything from Food, to oil, to technology. Basically anything that needs a process needs an engineer. Please suggest some companies with good cultures to work at. And start up companies too!

Answer: Oil & Gas industry might give the best pay. Lotsa company is available: Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, Halliburton, Roxar, Shell, Petronas, BP (British Petroleum), PetroChina and really a lot.

Question: What does chemical engineering have to do with alternative energy? what exactly do chemical engineers do when trying to process or store solar, or any kind of energy?

Answer: The one drawback to alternative energies like solar and wind is that they are not constant. There needs to be a way to store up excess energy for those times when the wind isn't blowing and/or the sun isn't shining. The biggest task facing chemical engineers is creating large scale batteries to store the energy. Chemical engineers, as opposed to chemists, are specialists at taking chemical reactions and processes and scaling them up for industrial usage.

Question: What are the higher demanding MSc courses in Australia? I am BSc Engineering graduate in Chemical & Process Engineering (miner in Energy & Environment). So I wish to do my Postgraduate studies in Australia. Pls anybody explain me, what University and which Course is cheaper & has higher demand.

Answer: The ones that feature way too many East Indians, No Airconditioning and the aura of curry. Now that is a demanding Engineering course.

Question: Chemical engineer in computer's? I am a fresh gradute chemical engineer.These days m lookin for a job in any process industry.Actually i m more kinda interested in computers . So can i find anything which could relate to my degree aswell as computer's ? I mean i want to do process engineering with chemical as a base and not interested in any core software company.

Answer: LCD's I would imagine take a lot of chemical background to make. Also I've heard of the new organic liquid crystal displays, thats a bit of chemistry.

Question: how to succeed in intro to chemical engineering class? am taking a mass and energy balance I class. i do a lot of practice with the books like elementary principles of chemical processes by Rousseau, and basic principles and calculations in chemical engineering by Himmelblau, but iam having a hard time trying to solve this problems in this books. i want to to if there is a study tool or a way that i could understand better. i am having a hard time with dimensional homogeneity, pressure, mass displacement, weight displacement. please help anybody

Answer: Jannet.... First.. I've added you as a contact of mine. I'll watch for your questions and try to answer them here on YA. ok? When you ask them, I get notified. And if that isn't working for you, then I'll give you my email address and you can contact me directly. Just so you know, I have very busy life. So times I'm free and can help. But not always. Usually about noon and midnight are good bets. Second... this is critical. get to know the TA's. make appointments with them and keep the appointments. Be precise. have questions about problems and ask them to help you with the questions. They won't solve homework problems but they will offer advice on how to approach the problems. And if your questions are things like "this is the approach I'm taking. Am I on the right path?" or "where do I find such and such information", they'll be glad to help you. And the relationship you have with them is critical because they are the ones writing the test problems and grading the tests and if you're borderline and are coming in to see them, guess what will happen... Third. use all the resources you can. Study groups are great. tutors.. doubtful you'll find one in chemical engineering but try anyway. . GOOGLE is a phenominal resource. So is wikipedia. Great starting point for many of these problems. Another site is LivePerson. I'm actually one the chemical engineering experts there but I haven't figured out how to connect. One of these days I will. But beware...that is a negotiated "pay" site for problems. Could get expensive. Fourth. Work out as many problems as you can. Every problem in the book. I know that will take enormous time but it's important that you see as many different problems as you can right now. Even if you just do this. Look at the problems and come up with a plan for how to solve them. A planned approach to problem solving is absolutely critical. Every problem you get from here on out will be multistep. And that requires planning. And sometimes the plans have to be modified. Because you start off thinking one approach and it doesn't work out. And the more problems you look at and develop a plan of attack for, the faster and better you'll be on exams. Fifth. Chemistry is like a foreign language. Everyone has trouble with it at first. Because just like a foreign language you have to learn vocabulary (nomenclature). You have to learn sentence structure (the math behind it) and you have to learn conversational (like problem solving techniques). ok? And chemical engineering, as you're finding out, is a completely different foreign language in it's own. It's kind of like chemistry is examining the chemical properties of the tip of an iceburg. And chemical engineering is the entire science behind the entire iceburg, how to make them, how long they take to melt, why they form, where the cracks occur. etc. Your not used to thinking this way. Your used to looking at the tip of the iceburg in your chemistry classes. how many moles of O2 react with 5 moles of CH4.. that sort of thing. And now you need to start thinking about mass and heat balances, momentum balances. Applied differential equations. Very complicated math problems. That have multiple parts and require a plan to solve them. But I guarantee. You will catch on in time and start speaking the language. And EVERYONE goes through this. And lastly.. you must be able to use dimensional analysis COLD. It is absolutely critical that you have this down. Because you won't be seeing problems like this anymore..."how many feet are in 100 mm?" You'll be seeing problems like this. "A plug flow reactor has an incoming feed stream of 100 lb-moles per hour of X and a second incoming feed stream (which is fed by a steam jacketed vaporizer) contains a gas maintained at 100 psig and a temperature of 250°C. The feed gas has composition of 100% AlCl3. The product streams are.. etc... Calculate heat required to vaporize the AlCl3 feed stream calculate lb-mass of steam at 400 psi required per hour calculate mole ratio of AlCl3 to X in the reactor calculate residence time.. etc.... All of those required an extensive knowlegde of dimensional analysis. I can't stress that enough. And when you get into fluid dynamics. You will be doing advanced dimensional analysis. Using Reynolds #'s Nusselts#'s etc to solve problems. And you will to develop your own for some problems. So I'll say it again.. dimensional analysis... chemistry is "intro to dimensional analysis through factor label method". introduction to chemical engineering calculations is applied factor label method + intermediate level dimensional analysis. fluid dynamics? thermodynamics (the chemical engineering version not the chem major version) is applied advanced dimensional analysis. ********** any questions? ******** and if I haven't given you this link before.. here it is. If you've already read it.... oh well. read it again.. :) http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=ApuFqD7TOsxxddpumovFeYjty6IX;_ylv=3?qid=20100204150651AApkwdO&show=7#profile-info-AA10324642 the first part is just a review of what a "mole" is..and atomic mass vs molar mass. make sure you're straight on that... We'll go over lb-moles and kg-moles etc later. the second point I wanted you to see is the link about halfway down the page. takes you to my discussion of dimensional analysis.. click and read that.

Question: pl inform when diploma to degree admission process begins in gujrat? i am completing diploma in chemical engineering in this year(april 2009) from Nirma university. I want to take admission in B E program.Can i get admission in third semester in any other branch than chemical engineering ? what is the admission process for diploma to B E ? when it will start?

Answer: Helloooooooooooooo, This section is for study abroad. Gujarat is not abroad for India. Thanks

Question: Question about Chemical Engineering? How do I make a high molecular weight polymer (mw>1000) like Cashew Nut Shell Liquid soluble in water, if it is insoluble in water? More importantly what kind of process do chemical engineers follow to solve problems like this? I'd imagine it's different than something like organic synthesis where you work backwards from the end. Do you just look out the chemical formula and figure out what you can bind onto it to give it certain properties? Cheers!

Answer: Curiosity on my part but why do you think this is chemical engineering problem and not a chemistry problem? Typically in industry ChE's are either process engineers (running production lines), product or process development engineers (designing new products or process to make the products), project engineers (building plants and production lines), and management. ******* All that said, I'd guess that you could try several different options. And it's a bit hard to guess because I don't know the particulars of the problem at hand.. but... Without changing the chemical makeup of the oil you could try... 1) heating the water and oil mixture 2) change the pH 3) change the pressure. 4) adding surfactants or dispersing aids If solvent wasn't an issue, you could.. 5) change solvents to a non polar solvent If you didn't mind changing the chemical makeup you could 6) identify surface species and chemically attach groups that would increase solubility 7) crack the molecule into smaller pieces there are other tricks as well. picking the right one depends on the specifics of the system you're dealing with.

Question: I am a chemical engineer student, and iam trying to make friends with chemical engineers.? I know this sounds kinda different, but i want to get to know and make friends with chemical engineers, and learn from them. I am currently enrolled in 2 classes MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE I and PROCESS AND ANALYSIS. The instructors i have don't really help that much, and i have to teach everything by myself, even though when i don't get something i have to push myself until i get it. I do make a lot of effort in this classes, but every time i get a test from this teachers it seems that they want to fail their students. I am trying to study in a different manner, and the best way to do it is talking to chemical engineers that are on the field. please contact me if you are chemical engineer. i am eager to learn and become one of you!!! My name is Luis and am using my moms email btw....so respond this message or email me to luisfm0419@aol.com. thanks, i will appreciate every respond on here. thanks once again community

Answer: Engineeringexchange.com Facebook.com Linkedin.com

Question: Should I still go into Chemical Engineer? Right now I'm in my sophomore year in Chemical Engineering, and only taking one course in che (unit processing). I don't find the class to be particular interesting. I enjoy math, but i enjoy conceptional problems better, and don't find it particular intersting trying to find the mass flow rate in a process. I'm really enjoy my organic chemistry class however, and find the mechanism of reactions to be interesting. Should I still major in Chemical Engineering, or switch over to biochemistry. Does Chemical engineering get more interesting? Would a double major be practical in Chemical engineering and Chemistry?

Answer: I too really enjoyed thinking about mechanisms and reactions. It led me to switch from pre-med with a biology major to only a Chemistry major. Eventually I selected a graduate program that involved a lot of synthesis. What I found out is that while I enjoy thinking about it, the lab work invoved in organic synthesis was tedious and just not something I ever wanted to do. To get a better perspective on what you should pursue, consider the end jobs you would want. Do a little research on what those types of jobs would entail, and see what you might enjoy more in the long run. For any job, the classes you have to take can be really boring even though the job itself is something that might interest you. Just a thought here, consider a mechanical engineering degree, with a minor or double major in chemistry or biochemistry. With such a skill set, you could go into instrument design. There are many areas there in acedemics and industry that actively pursue that kind of talent. Biomedical engineering is also another alternative, but I don't know much about that. Sometimes, though, you just have to follow your heart.